Grade 5 Cells To Systems Chapter 2

Front 1

What are cells?

Back 1

Cells are the smallest living parts of any living thing. Cells need the same things all organisms use to do activities. They contain smaller parts each with its own job. They are the basic building blocks of all living things. Multicellular organisms have trillions of cells.

Front 2

What are some functions of cells?

Back 2

Cells have the same survival like we do. They take in food and get rid of waste. They also use materials to grow and make repairs. While they move around they can communicate and cooperate with other cells. All cells need energy. Most of them get it through cellular respiration. They take in sugar for food to get they energy.

Front 3

What are some parts of a cell?

Back 3

Cell membrane, a nucleus, and many others.

Front 4

What are the parts of an animal cell?

Back 4

All cells have the same parts and have similar tasks. Cells need the same things that your body needs like a protective layer and a digestive system.

There is the cell membrane which surrounds the cell and also lets materials and waste go in and out of the cell. Then there is the nucleus with contains chromosomes. Chromosomes are made of materials including the chemical DNA. They carry out the instructions for the cell like how your body grows and changes. Every chromosome has small sections of DNA called genes, which are made of DNA. Each gene carries a single unit of information. Almost every cell in your body has the same set of many genes.

Front 5

What is the size of a cell?

Back 5

Cells have a limit of how big or small they can be. They can't be too small or too big or oxygen and other materials will not reach the middle of the cell fast enough to keep it alive. Waste has to leave the cell too.

Front 6

How do cells work together?

Back 6

Each cell specializes in a area and combine to tissues that form organs.

There are branching cells which are nerves. They are great for communicating signals and they travel quickly to the brain. There are flat cells like skin cells often join or overlap to cover a surface. Your skin is made of many layers making this strong and flexible. Then last there are round cells like red blood cells. This shape gives extra surface for picking up oxygen. These cells have a job to deliver blood to the body and their shape makes it easy to travel in blood vessels.

Front 7

What is a tissue?

Back 7

A tissue is a group of the same type of cells working together to do the same job. e.g. Muscle cells grouped in bundles make up the muscle tissue.

Front 8

What is an organ?

Back 8

An organ is formed by many different types of tissues.
These tissues are combined into one structure that work together to perform a main job in the body. e.g. Your heart and stomach are examples of organs. The largest organ is your skin. Plants and other animals have something similar to skin.

Front 9

What are the parts of skin cell tissue?

Back 9

Skin cells form in layers. The top layer by itself has over 25 layers of skin cells. When new cells form, they push the other cells out and away from the blood supply. Once they old cells get pushed outside, they are dead cells. It takes about one month for the skin to be pushed out to the surface and the dead cells will fall out.

Front 10

How do organs work together?

Back 10

There are many tissues that work together in organs. Organs also work in groups which are organ systems. e.g. The stomach, mouth, and intestines are organs that help digest food.

Front 11

What is an organ system?

Back 11

An organ system is a group of organs that work together to carry out a life process.

Front 12

What do bones in your body form?

Back 12

All of your bones are organs. About 200 bones make up your skeletal system. The organ has several important jobs. It lets you stand up strait so you would not walk like jelly. It also protects your internal organs. There are several bones that protect the brain. There also is your rib cage which protects your heart and lungs.

Front 13

How do muscles work together as a system?

Back 13

Muscles are organs that work together to move your body. You control about 640 muscles in your body. When your run around your brain tells lots of muscles how to work together. Sometimes your muscles work without you thinking about it.

Front 14

How do bones and muscles work together?

Back 14

A big job of the muscular and skeletal system is to work together to move your body. Muscles work together to move your body. Muscles can only pull bones, not push them. Two of them have to work together to move each bone in the opposite direction.

Front 15

How to nerves work with muscles?

Back 15

Your nervous system controls how your muscles move your bones. They carry electrical signals from your brain down to your spinal cord to the muscles. If you had no nerves you would never move.

Front 16

How do other systems work together?

Back 16

Some organs work very close to each other that they are two organ systems. e.g. Muscles also make up your heart. They work very hard to push blood through your blood vessels. They also squeeze food through the digestive system. Your skeletal system is super important to the circulatory system because bones contain bone marrow which blood is made of.