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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which enzyme is used in RNA synthesis? |
RNA polymerase |
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In prokaryotes when is transcription terminated? |
When it reaches a terminator i.e. Rho |
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What are the 4 main regions of promoter in E. Coli |
Start piont 10 sequence(prinbow box) 35 sequence 17 spacer sequence between -10&35 |
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What are the 3 different types of RNA polymerase responsible in eukaryotes? |
Polymerase1- synth. Pre ribosomal RNA Polymerase2- synth. Of mRNA Polymerase3- synth. Makes tRNA |
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T/F G cell secretes HCL |
False it secrets pepsinogen |
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What does Gastrin do? |
Promotes secretion of gastric juice, increases gut motility, promotes growth of gastric mucosa |
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Where does electrical conduction in the heart begin? |
SALLY node in right atrium |
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What are the 3 structural protiens? |
Titin a-actin and myomesin |
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What are the 3 main types of muscle fibers? |
Slow oxidative Fast oxidative glycolytic Fast glycolytic fibers |
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What happens in step 7 of the krebs cycle? |
Succinate-> fumurate |
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What happens in step 8 of the krebs cycle? |
Fumerate-> malate |
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What happens in the final step of the krebs cycle? |
Malate->oxaloacetate |
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What happens in step 5 of the krebs cycle? |
a-ketogluterate-> succinyl CoA |
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What happens in step 4 of the krebs cycle? |
Isocitrate-> a ketogluterate |
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What happens in step 6 of the krebs cycle? |
Succinyl-CoA->succinate |
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What happens in stage 1 of the krebs cycle? |
Pyruvate->Acetyl CoA |
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What happens in step 2 of the krebs cycle? |
Acetyl CoA+oxaloacetate Citrate |
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What happens in step 3 of the krebs cycle? |
Citrate->isocitrate |
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What is step 9 of glycolysis? |
2-phosphoglycerate-> Phosphoenolpyruvate |
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What is step 8 of glycolysis? |
3-phosphoglycerate->2-phosphoglycerate |
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What is step 1 of glycolysis? |
Glucose-> glucose6phosphate |
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What is step 2 of glycolysis? |
Glucose6phosphate->Fructose6phosphate |
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What is step 7 of glycolysis? |
1,3bisphosphoglycerate-> 3phosphoglycerate |
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What does a Z disc do? |
Separates one sarcomere from another |
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How is NH4+ transported around the body? |
Via Glutamine |
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What filaments does an I band contain? |
Thin filaments |
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What enzyme converts pyruvate to lactate? |
Lactate dehydrogenase |
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What are the 5 cell types of the gastric mucosa? |
Surface mucous Mucous neck Chief Parietal G Cell |
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Which of the 3 muscle fibers contains the most amount of creatine kinase? |
Fast glycolytic |
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What contractile protiens are found in thick and thin filaments? |
Actin-thin Myosin-thick |
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T/F troponin & tropomyosin are regulatory protiens? |
True |
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What is the M line? |
Supporting filaments that hold thick filaments together in H zone. |
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What happens in step 3 of the urea cycle? |
Arginosuccinate->argenine&fumerate |
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What happens in step 4 of the urea cycle? |
Argenine->orthionine + urea |
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What happens in step 1 of the urea cycle? |
Carbomyl phosphate+orthionine Citrulline |
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T/F in step 2 of the urea cycle Citrulline forms arginine |
False |
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T/F muscles can produce vitamins |
False |
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What is he the equation for glycogen sis? |
Glycogen+UDP-GLUCOSE Glycogen+UDP |
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How does galactose enter glycolysis? |
Enters as glucose 1 phosphate after being hydrolysed |
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What is the H zone and what type of filaments does it contain? |
Centre of each A band containing only thick filaments |
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What is the function of the epididymis? |
Sperm maturation |
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What happens to Vmax and Km values when a competitive inhibitor is present? |
Vmax unchanged Km increased due to reduced binding affinity |
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What happens to Vmax and Km when a non competitive inhibitor is present? |
Vmax reduced Km unchanged |
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What happens to Vmax and Km when an uncompetitive inhibitor is present? |
Vmax reduced Km reduced |
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What are Z discs and where do they pass through? |
Separate one sarcomere from another. Pass through the centre of each I band |
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What happens in the A band? |
Thick and thin filaments overlap |
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T/F the cowpers gland secrete alkaline fructose fluid? |
False- seminal vesicles do |
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What 3 types of protiens are myofibrils made of? |
Contractile Regulatory Structural |
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What type of filaments does the A band contain? |
Both thick and thin |
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What does the H zone contain? |
Thick filaments |
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What are the names of the valves of the heart? |
Bicuspid,tricuspid,Aortic,pulmonary |
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What are the 4 layers of the heart wall? |
Pericardium,Pericardium, myocardium,endocardium |
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What is the function of proteosome? |
Degrade uneeded or faulty protiens |
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What type of organelle is involved in detoxification? |
Peroxisome |
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What transport process use Na+ H+ gradients to drive others across against thier own gradient? |
Secondary active transport |
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What are the parts of the large intestine? |
Cecum,ascending colon,.transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus |
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When ATP is hydrolysed and substances are driven across the membrane against thier own gradients is said to be.. |
Primary active transport |
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What is step 5 of glycolysis? |
DHAP->G3P |
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What is step 6 of glycolysis? |
G3P->1,3bisphosphoglycerate |
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What is step 10 of glycolysis? |
Phosphoenolpyruvate -> pyruvate |
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What is the piont where the trachea divides into the primary bronchi called? |
Carina |
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What makes up the upper respitory system? |
Nose,oral cavity,pharynx |
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In gluconeogenis what enzyme converts fructose 1, 6 bisphosphate to fructose 6 phosphate? |
Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase |
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Which stages in gluconeogenis are not backwards glycolysis? |
Stage 1, 3,10 |
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What type of cell secrets surfactant? |
Type 2 alveolar |
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What is step 4 of glycolysis? |
Fructose 1,3bisphosphate-> DHAP,G3P |
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What is step 3 of glycolysis? |
Fructose6phosphate Fructose16bisphosphate |
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What attaches the ovaries and uterus to the pelvic wall? |
Suspensory ligament |
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What is the name of the circular folds in the SI? |
Plicae Circularis |
