Grade 8 Science: Unit 2 - Cells And Systems

Front 1

How can we tell if something is alive?

Back 1

All living things: 1. Need energy. 2. Respond and adapt to their environment. 3. Reproduce. 4. Grow. 5. Produce wastes.

Front 2

To get their energy, what is an animal's developed structures to help?

Back 2

Animals get their energy from food. They have a good sense of smell and claws, teeth, etc. to get their food.

Front 3

To get their energy, what is a plant's developed structures to help?

Back 3

Plants get energy from the sun and water and soil. They have leaves to absorb sunlight and roots to get water from soil.

Front 4

To respond and adapt to their environment, what is an animal's developed structures to help?

Back 4

Animals can adapt their eyesight depending on when they hunt. Raccoons have good night vision and feed at night; deer feed during the day and have good daytime vision.

Front 5

To respond and adapt to their environment, what is a plant's developed structures to help?

Back 5

Plants bend toward a light source to ensure they get the most light available.

Front 6

To reproduce, what is an animal's developed structures to help?

Back 6

Animals have live offspring.

Front 7

To reproduce, what is a plant's developed structures to help?

Back 7

Plants produce seeds.

Front 8

To grow, what is an animal's developed structures to help?

Back 8

Animals grow from young.

Front 9

To grow, what is a plant's developed structures to help?

Back 9

Plants can grow from a seed.

Front 10

To produce wastes, what is an animal's developed structures to help?

Back 10

Animals get rid of wastes like carbon dioxide. They get rid of waste such as feces and urine through the digestive track.

Front 11

To produce wastes, what is a plant's developed structures to help?

Back 11

Plants can get rid of gasses through a small pore in the leaves called stomota.

Front 12

All living things are made up of___________?

Back 12

All living things are made up of cells.

Front 13

If a group of cells all have a similar function, can they:

a) become white blood cells

b) become organs

c) join together to form tissues like mussels

Back 13

c) join together to form tissues like mussels

Front 14

True or False:

Tissues can join together to form organs like your heart, lungs, veins, or arteries.

Back 14

True.

Front 15

With teamwork, organs can do what?

Back 15

Organs can group together and, with teamwork, form systems like your circulatory system, your digestive system, the lymph system, and your nervous system.

Front 16

What do cells do that ensures survival?

Back 16

Cells can be specialised into systems, but it is the co-operation of all these systems that ensure survival.

Front 17

What does magnification mean?

Back 17

Magnification means making and object appear larger.

Front 18

What is the limit to the size the human eye can see?

Back 18

0.1mm.

Front 19

Who is Anton van Leeuwenhoek?

Back 19

He was the first person to see organisms made of only one cell. He called these unicellular organisms 'animalcules.'

Front 20

What was Anton van Leeuwenhoek's profession?

Back 20

He was a Dutch linen merchant.

Front 21

When did Anton van Leeuwenhoek live?

Back 21

He lived from 1632 - 1723.

Front 22

What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek do for fun?

Back 22

His hobby was making magnifying glasses.

Front 23

What was Robert Hooke famous for?

Back 23

He discovered and gave us the name for cells.

Front 24

When did Robert Hooke live?

Back 24

1635 - 1703

Front 25

What is the Latin name for "little rooms?"

Back 25

Cellulae

Front 26

What is the basis of all life?

Back 26

A cell is the basic unit of all life because of all the functions carried out by living things are carried out by their individual cells as well.

Front 27

Who developed the theory of the basis of all life?

Back 27

German botanist Matthias Scheiden and zoologist Theodore Schwann in 1839.

Front 28

What are the different types of microscopes and what are the limits of magnification?

Back 28

Compound light microscope (2,000X)

Scanning electron microscope -SEM- (4,000X)

Transmission electron microscope -TEM- (2,000,000)

Front 29

What is the Canadian connection to the electron microscope?

Back 29

To test their valuable new laboratory tool, two Canadians looked at the edge of a razor blade through different microscopes, the blade appearing smooth in one, and rough and jagged in the one magnified more.

Front 30

Label the microscope.

Back 30

Front 31

What are the two categories that organisms can be grouped into?

Back 31

Multicellular and unicellular

Front 32

What is a multicellular organism?

Back 32

Many cells grouped together to do a specific function for the larger organism, like white blood cells or red blood cells.

Front 33

What is a unicellular organism?

Back 33

An organism that is only one cell.

Front 34

What features do both multicellular and unicellular organisms share?

Back 34

They each move, obtain food, and carry out other life functions through the use of small structures found withing the single cell called Organelles.

Front 35

What are Organelles?

Back 35

Structures inside the cell that have a specific function.

Front 36

What is the nucleus?

Back 36

It is the brain of the cell, it controls most of the cell's activities and holds most of the DNA.

Front 37

What is cytoplasm?

Back 37

It is the jelly-like material in which other parts float around in, it is similar to all the body fluids in a human.

Front 38

What is cell membrane?

Back 38

It surrounds the cell (like skin) and hold everything in place. It also plays a role in allowing things to pass in and out of the cell.

Front 39

What is a vacuole?

Back 39

It is a balloon-like space that holds surplus food, wastes, and other substances.

Front 40

What is a cell wall?

Back 40

It is in plant cells only, and it surrounds the cell membrane and gives support for the plant. (It is responsible for the hard structure a tree has when it has died.) It is made up of cellulose.

Front 41

What are chloroplasts?

Back 41

They are the structures that are responsible for photosynthesises to occur in plant cells only. They contain the chemical chlorophyll (which makes the plant green).

Front 42

What are the mitochondria?

Back 42

They are the "energy houses" of the cell. They take in food particles and break them down into chemicals which can create energy. Some cells have more mitochondria than others. They are found in both animal and plant cells.

Front 43

What are the lysosomes?

Back 43

They are the "suicide switch" of the cell. They are vacuole that contain toxic chemicals that when the cell has reached the end of it's life span, the nucleus sends out a signal to pop the ribosome and the cell kills itself.

Front 44

Why are cells so small?

Back 44

If the cell grows bigger, it needs more food and will produce more waste. In doing this, the waste and food need to travel to the cell membrane out or in. If the cell is bigger, the distance increases, and if you have a certain amount of food, you have to travel farther and expend more energy and need more food to replenish the energy.

Front 45

Most cells are the same __________?

Back 45

Size. Bacterial cells are on average 10x smaller than plant and animal cells.

Front 46

Label the animal cell.

Back 46

Front 47

Label the plant cell.

Back 47