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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was John Dalton?
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Said that atoms were tiny particles that could not be divided
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Who was J.J. Thompson?
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Came up with the theory of electrons
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Who conducted the gold foil experiment?
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Ernest Rutherford
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Who discovered the charge of electrons?
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Robert Milikan
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Who discovered the neutron?
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James Chadwick
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How many sig. digits? 0.189
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3
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How many sig. digits? 0.002300
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4
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What is an isotope?
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Atoms of an element that are chemically similar, but have different number of neutrons, thus, different mass numbers.
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Isotope Abundance?
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The relative amount of an isotope of an element ; expressed as a perfect or decimal fraction. (Ex. C-13 = 1.11% abundance)
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How do you calculate Average Atomic Mass?
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aam = (mass)(abundance)
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Atomic radius __________ from left to right on the periodic table
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decreases
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Ionization energy ____________ from left to right on the periodic table
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increases
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What is Electronegativity?
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the measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond
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When adding an oxygen to a polyatomic ion, what prefix is added?
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per-
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When removing two oxygen from a polyatomic ion, what prefix is added?
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hypo-
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Can covalent compounds conduct electricity?
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No
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What is a non-polar covalent bond?
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A bond between two atoms with an electronegativity difference of less than 0.5
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If the molecule IS symmetrical, the overall molecule is _____________?
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non-polar
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Intermolecular Forces
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The attractive force between molecules
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What is the weakest intermolecular force?
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London dispersion, also exists between all types of molecules
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What are dipole-dipole forces?
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molecules with dipoles will change their direction so that their oppositely charged ends are near to one another
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What is the strongest intermolecular force?
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Hydrogen bonding
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Miscible vs. Immiscible
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able to mix to form a solution, unable to mix to form a solution
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Solute vs. Solvent
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Solute is the substance that dissolved IN a solvent, solvent dissolves the solute
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Factors that affect rate of dissolving?
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Temperature, agitation, size of particles
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Factors that affect solubility?
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temperature, molecule size
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What is the Arrhenius theory?
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acids dissociate in water to form H+ ions, bases dissociate in water to form OH+ ions
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What was the problem with the Arrhenius theory?
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It only involves on solvent - water, many acid-base reactions take place in other solvents
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Conjugate acid
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the particle that results when the base receives the proton
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Gases can be described in terms of:
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volume, temperature, and pressure
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How do convert celcius to Kelvin?
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add 273
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what are the conversions of pressure?
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101.3KPa = 1atm = 760mmHg = 760 torr
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Convert: 1400mmHg to torr
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1400 torr
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1.4mmHg to atm
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0.0018atm
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3.4 atm to KPa
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344.42 Kpa
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Kinetic Theory of Gases
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Gases consist of extremely small particles, constant random motion, perfectly elastic, forces of attraction are negligible.
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Ideal Gas
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gas particles hardly take up any space
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Boyle's Law?
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If you increase pressure, volume decreases, vice versa
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Charles' Law?
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If temp. is increased volume is increased, if temp is decreased, volume is decreased
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G. Lussac's Law?
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the pressure exerted by a gas is directly related to the temperature provided the volume remains constant
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What is STP?
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Standard Temperature and Pressure
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What is the value of STP?
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101.3KPa and 273K
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What is the value of R (gas constant)
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R = 8.314 (KPa x L)\(mol x K)
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What is the ideal gas formula?
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PV = nRT
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