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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Focusing event |
A major happening, often of crisis or disaster proportions, that attracts widespread media attention to an issue. |
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Political socialization |
The process by which individuals acquire their political values and outlooks |
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I dentify the agents of political socialization |
Education. Gender. Race. Religion. Life events. |
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Sampling frame |
A designated group of people from whom a set of poll respondents is randomly selected |
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Demographic group |
People sharing specific factors: for example, age, ethnicity/race, religion, or country of origin. |
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Framing effects |
The influence, on the respondent, of how a polling question is asked; changes in wondering can signficantly alter many people's answers. |
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Push poll |
A form of negative campaigning that masquerades as a regular opinion survey. They are usually conducted by a campaign or allied group and feature strongly critical or unflattering information about an opponent. |
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Margin of sampling error |
The degree of inaccuracy of any poll, arising from the fact that surveys involve a sample of respondents from a population, rather than every member. |
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Response bias |
The tendency of poll respondents to miss state their views, frequently to avoid shameful opinions that might appear sexist or racist. |
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Bandwagon effect |
When people join a cause because it seems popular or support a candidate who is leading in the polls |
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Boomerang effect |
The discrepancy between candidates in poll ratings and election performance, caused by supporters assumption that an easy win means they need not vote. |
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Underdog effect |
Sympathy for a candidate behind in the polls, contributing to a higher than predicted vote total and sometimes a surprise election victory. |
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Mass media |
Information and entertainment for broad popular audiences including newspapers, magazines, radio, and television. |
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Policy agenda |
The issues that the media covers, the public considers important, and politicians address. Setting the agenda is the first step in political action. |
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Caucus |
A local meeting at which registered members of a political party meet to selected delegates representing presidential candidates. |
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Mid term elections |
National elections held between presidential elections, involving all seats in the House of Representatives, 1/3 of those in the senate, 36 governors, and other positions. |
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National elections |
Always held on the 1st Tuesday after the 1st Monday in November of even numbered years. |
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McCutchen v. FEC |
2014. Wanted to donate more than what the campaign finance laws would allow. Laws allow $1776 per candidate and an overall spending limit of $48,600. |
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PAC |
Political action committee. In 2014, the limit was 5000 per candidate per PAC per election cycle. |
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Super PAC |
Organizations that are permitted to raise and spend unlimited amounts of money to promote a candidate or public cause. However they may not directly contribute to a candidate or coeordinate with a campaign. |
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527 groups |
Organizations governed by section 527 of the federal tax code; are allowed to raise and spend unlimited amounts for "issue advocacy" but are forbidden to coordinate their efforts with any candidate or campaign and their ads cannot mention a candidate favorable or unfavorably. |
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Bundling |
Shorthand for the process of convincing dozens of colleagues and friends to donate at or near the max and then delivering all the checks together. |
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General election |
Party versus party. Kicks off after the convention. Held August through November |
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Party Convention |
Where party officials get together to officially decide who will represent it for president. Held July through August |
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Nomination |
Where each party chooses its contender for the general election |
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Primary |
Contests between candidates where ballots are cast and counted for state presidential races |
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Electoral college |
538 delegates based on congressional delegation for each of the 50 States (535 delegates plus 3 for D.C.) |
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Define realignment and dealignment |
Realignment occurs when there is a long term shift in voter allegiance from one political party to the opposit party.
Dealignment occurs when voters typically vote split ticket (officials from both parties for different offices) and do not keep the same party in the majority or in power for more than 1 or 2 presidential election cycles. |
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Campaign finance rules for running for congress |
Congress raises money privately through PACS. There is no limit on the number of PACs a Congressman can take money from although there is a $5000 limit per PAC. |
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Voter turnout |
A measure of what proportion of eligible voters actually cast a legitimate ballot in a given election |
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The 5 presidents who have one without the popular vote |
John Quincy Adams v. Jackson Ratherford B. Hayes v. Tilden Benjamin Harrison v. Cleveland George W. Bush v. Gore Trump v. Clinton |
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The Daisy ad |
President Johnson's campaign |
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2 ways your vote is measured |
Popular vote. Electoral college. |
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Factors in winning an election |
Economy. Demographics. War and foreign policy. Domestic issues. Organization and the campaign itself. |
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1st party system |
(1789-1828) Washington/Jefferson. Federalist and Democrat/republicans. |
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2nd party system |
(1828-1860) Andrew Jackson. Spoils system was very prevalent in the system. Party names changed. Federalists gone. Democrat and republicans split. |
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3rd party system |
(1860-1896) Abraham Lincoln. |
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4th party system |
(1896-1932) Theodore roosevelt. Women's rights, corporate gains, government regulations. |
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5th party system |
(1933-1968) Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Social security, government programs, huge racial tensions. |
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6th party system |
(1972-present) Parties at equal strength. Neither party dominates the system more than the other. |
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Benchmark polls |
Initial findings that set up future progress. First polled results. |
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Straw poll |
Informal polls carried out by local party organization or news outlets. |
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Brush fire Pole |
Internal surveys conducted by a campaign once the election season begins. They provide details about how a candidate it is performing. |
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Exit poll |
Performed on election day, both by campaign and news organizations, these surveys happen on the way out of the voting booth. |
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Interest group |
An organization whose goal is to influence government |
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Lobbyist |
A person who contacts government officials on behalf of a particular cause or issue |
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The 3 main interest groups |
Economics. Citizen groups. Intergovernmental. |
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List components of a successful interest group |
Inform members. Communicate their views using lobbyist. Mobilized voters. |
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Iron triangle |
The relationship in one issue area between interests group labiis, congressional staffers, and executive branch agencies. |
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Nonpartisan election |
An election in which candidates run as individuals, without any party affiliation. Many towns and cities feature nonpartisan elections. |
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Party platform |
The written statement of a party's core convictions and issue priorities. Generally revised every 4 years, in time for the national party convention. |
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Split ticket voter |
Boats for at least one candidate from each party Chama dividing his or her ballot between the 2 or more parties. |
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Straight ticket voter |
Boats for the same party for all offices on the ballot |
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Base voters |
Party members who tend to vote loyally for their party's candidates in most elections |
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Partisanship |
Taking the sign of a party, or opposing a viewpoint that reflects a political party's principles or position on an issue. |
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Party caucus |
A meeting of all house or senate members of one or the other main party Chama usually to discuss political and policy strategies |
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Gift ban |
Gifs are banned in the house gifts up to $50 are okay in the senate |
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Din |
The sheer volume of information and noise generated by online sources |
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The Bradley effect |
Response bias |
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Which president seized the opportunity to connect with the public through the radio? |
Franklin Roosevelt |
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Federal communications commission |
The airwaves belong to the public |
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The federal communications commission repealed what law in 1983 |
The fairness doctrine |
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Incumbent advantage |
The tendency for a member of Congress to win re election in overwhelming numbers |
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What is the amount of money that an individual can donate to one candidate in 1 election cycle? |
$2700 |
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What are mid term elections |
Elections held in a non-presidential election year |
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The date of the primary is set by the |
State |
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A state that permits primary voters to select candidates from either party no matter how the voter is registered is what type of primary? |
Open |
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How much of the senate is elected every 2 years? |
1/3 |
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What occurs when a donor spends an unlimited amount of money on advertisements that point out negative aspects about in opponent? |
Independent expenditures |
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How much time does a lobbyist spend of their work time on lobbying activities? |
20% |
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The government theory where many special interests groups have the primary power in government and rotate power depending upon the issue is what? |
Pluralism |
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One of the components of a successful interests group is what? |
Salience |
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Solidary benefits |
Consists of the feelings of shared commitment and purpose resulting in a sense of fellowship experienced by individuals who join an interest group |
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How do you identify a political party in any country? |
Party in the electorate |
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Values or deeply held beliefs that inspire individuals to join a public interest group are known as what? |
Expressive benefits |