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70 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

WWI (1917-1919) (2)

Texans viewed involvement in WWI as a progressive crusade; conflict because large German population in Texas (viewed with suspicion)

Special Session of 1918

Called by Gov Hobby during WWI, passes a number of laws: women vote in primaries, takes right to vote in primaries away from un-naturalized immigrants, ratified the 18th amendment (prohibition) and later the 19th (women's suffrage)

Prohibition

18th amendment; ratified in Special Session of 1918; considered wartime sacrifice/patriotic; authored by Morris Shepherd

Women's Suffrage

19th amendment; ratified in 1919; Texas is the first southern state to ratify; no jury duty for women yet; women can vote

1920s (6)

KEEP GOING, GIRL!!!!

KKK

Important role in state politics in the early 1920s; "decade of the hood, the bonnet, and the little brown jug"; very active in state elections in '22 and '24; do not challenge Pat Neff, rather consider him a friendly neutral; elect Earl Mayfield to US Congress; passed white primary law; unsuccessfully runs against M. Ferguson

Pat Neff

KKK considered him friendly neutral; Gov in 1920 (won with progressive vote); recommended state parks system; favored public service, efficiency, tax reform, health/educator/labor reform; legislative spending on highways and education

Earl Mayfield

KKK elected him to US Senate; RR commissioner; defeated Ferguson in a runoff; high point for KKK

Jim Ferguson

1922 last run for Gov; helps M. Ferguson run; anti-women's suffrage/prohibition

White Primary Law

Primary election law restricts vote to whites in 1923; state law for four years until '27; passed under KKK controlled legislature; overturned for good in '44

Miriam Ferguson

runs for Gov in 1924; serves single term; corruption in administration; sold pardons to state prisoners to kickbacks from contractors buying full-page ads in Jim Ferguson's newspaper; lost election in '26, but served in '30s; anti-Klan/prohibition/higher education; "Sunbonnet" image; cut state budget and tool money away from UT

Nixon v. Herndon

Strikes down white primary law; state passes law authorizing parties to set own restrictions

Herbert Hoover

First Republican presidential candidate to win a majority of the state's votes in a presidential election

Al Smith

Staunch opponent of prohibition; Catholic; Democratic candidate against Hoover; wins deep south vote

1930s (4)

YOU CAN DO ITTTT!!!!!

Lyndon B. Johnson

Starts as an aid; later elected to the Texas House in the '30s; Senate election of '48 and presidential election of '60s with JFK; gets legislation to pass a law that allows him to run for two offices at once; starts out as new dealer, but becomes conservative to win Texas, then moves back to center and supports civil rights; becomes most liberal president of the 20th c

John Nance Garner

First Texan Democrat to be elected VP and Speaker of the US House; not a new dealer; wanted progressive income tax; wet; helps FDR win nomination in '32; more conservative

Sam Rayburn

New dealer; party loyalist; starts out as chairman on Congressional committee in the US House; became House Majority Leader in '37 and Speaker in '40; loyal to Democratic party; fought with Shivers in '50s; liberal; against big business/Wall Street/bankers

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Architect of New Deal; economic recovery plan; considered liberal by Texan politicians, but not by Texans who vote for him; elected POTUS in 1932 with Garner as VP; wanted to reorganize SCOTUS but failed; elected to 3rd term in '40; dies in '45 (4th term); replaced by Truman

Court Packing Plan

Roosevelt's mistake in 1937 because SCOTUS struck down some of his major laws; considered an outrage by most Texan politicians (except Johnson); try to expand SCOTUS from 9 to 15

Purge of 1938

Roosevelt's attempt to rid the Democratic party of old conservative anti-new dealers; comes to Texas to tell them not to re-elect those people; alienation of Texan politicians from FDR

Pappy O'Daniel

Not a new dealer; radio personality; campaigns as the anti-politician; platform of 10 commandments and golden rule; Gov for 3 years in 1938 and accomplished nothing; makes radio broadcasts from Gov's mansion; elected to US Senate over LBJ in '41; re-elected in '42

1940s (2)

LOOK AT YOU GOOO!!!

Coke Stevenson

Not a new dealer; replaces O'Daniel when he goes to Senate; should have beaten LBJ in Senate race; Gov from 1941-'46; Speaker of House from '33-'37; rancher, lawyer, banker

Smith v. Allwright

End of white primary

Texas Regulars

Conservative Democrats wanted to prevent FDR from running for 4th term; successful in getting Henry Wallace removed from FDR ticket; put Harry Truman in his place (thought he was a conservative southern Democrat)

Harry Truman

Put on FDR ticket in 1944 by Texas Regulars; became president after FDR's death; pro civil rights; rise of Liberal Democrats

Beauford Jester

Elected Gov in 1946; Gov for a little more than one term, re-elected in '48; moderate, reorganized public school system; opponent of labor unions; signed state anti-lynching law; RR commissioner

1950s (4)

WOW!!!! HALF WAYYY!!!!!!!!!!!!

Allan Shivers

Replaced Jester; first Gov elected to 3 terms; more conservative; best known for Bolt of the Shivercrats, which led Democrats into Republican party in 1950s, got them to endorse Eisenhower; influences diminishes with Veterans Land Board and Insurance Commission Scandal in '56

Texas Tidelands

Land off Texas coast in Gulf of Mexico; under Texas ownership until oil was discovered; Federal gov't claimed land; originally used taxes to fund Texas schools; Truman believed gov't owned it; Eisenhower believed Texas owned it (secured Texan support)

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Gave Texas Tidelands back to state; 2nd Republic presidential candidate that majority of state's votes came from Texas?; 1956

Ralph Yarborough

State district court judge; ran for Gov against Shivers in 1952 (came close in '56); big exception to list of conservative Democrats who dominate the state; bonafied liberal; elected to US Senate in '57, served for 13 years; only southerner to vote for Civil Rights Act in '64

Brown v. Board of Education

Orders desegregation of nations' public schools; most anglo population opposed it; Texas did not resist as much as other southern states (complied grudgingly); faster in places with smaller black population

Veterans' Land Board Scandal & Board of Insurance Commission Scandal

Tarnished Shivers' reputation; ends his career as Governor

1957 Civil Rights Bill

Helped by Senator LBJ who votes for civil right for first time in 20 years; first civil rights bill to pass Congress in 1870s; investigates allegations of voter infringement; mainly symbolic

1960s (5)

JUST A LITTLE FURTHER!!!!!!!!!!!!

Kennedy/Johnson

Kennedy out-maneuvered Johnson; Johnson helped JFK win election from southern votes by joinin ticket as running mate

LBJ Law

Allowed him to run for two federal offices (VP and Senate) simultaneously; forced most Texans to vote for John Tower, because they thought LBJ was being greedy

John Tower

Became well-positioned to win special election following LBJ; first statewide Republican to be elected in Texas since Reconstruction; nominated Secretary of Defense (rejected by Senate)

Supreme Court: one person, one vote decisions

Forced states to re-district voting districts to contain equal populations in the 1960s; Texas had to draw new districts for growing cities/suburbs; redistributed power from rural to urban/suburban; end of poll tax and VRA; fewer large elections created new opportunities for liberal Democrats and conservative Republicans

1964 Civil Rights Act

Major accomplishment for LBJ; more legislation out of Congress since FDR; outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national, religious minorities, women; ends unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation etc; Vietnam War dominates LBJ's presidency (doesn't run in 1968)

1965 Voting Rights Act

Federal supervision of elections and voter registration in the South

Barbara Jordan

first black person voted to state legislature in 20th c; first black Congressman elected from Texas (Houston); televised speech supporting impeachment of Nixon; serves 3 terms

1970s (3)


- Sharpstown Scandal (2/3)

YOU GOT THIS IN THE BAAAAG!!!!

Lloyd Bentsen

Elected in 1970 to Senate, defeating Yarborough in the primary etc etc

Sharpstown Bank Scandal

State bank; National Bankers' Life Insurance Corporation; Sharp Grants US $600k in loans to state officials to purchase stock in NBLIC to be resold later for profit after Sharp artificially inflated value; led to removal of Gov Smith and 1/2 state leg, conviction of state House Speaker (Mutscher), election of new Gov (Briscoe); new ATG and LTG

Frank Sharp

Financier who created Sharpstown, Houston; trouble with federal banking regulators; wanted state to create something like FDIC

Dolph Briscoe

Elected Gov after Sharpstown 1972; re-elected '74; last conservative Democrat Gov; last to serve 2 yr terms; Gov when legislators attempted to write new state constitution

Constitutional Convention of 1974

Legislators cannot agree on a new state constitution

William Wayne Justice

Federal District Court judge from E. Texas who issues very important decisions about the operation of state agencies (prisons, mental hospitals, youth correctional facilities); deem them unconstitutional cruel and unusual punishment under 8th amendment of US Constitution; Texas forced to fix the issues

1980s (3)

ALMOST THERE!!!!!!!

Bill Clements

Elected Gov in 1978; first Republican Gov since Edmund Davis; 2nd statewide Republican; serves single term; defeated by White '82; conservative Republican; bad relationship with legislators; state's economy = good first term; re-elected in '86; raises sales tax after promising not to

Mark White

Elected Gov in 1982; economy declines after end of Clement's first term; promised not to raise taxes; raised them 4x; reform efforts led to HB 72

Phil Gramm

Conservative Democrat turned Republican in 1983; replaces Tower

House Bill 72

No pass, no play policy; standardized testing

Edgewood v. Kirby

Calls for wealthiest independent school district to redistribute wealth to poorest school districts i.e. "Robin Hood"

Jim Wright

3rd Texan to be elected Speaker of US House; scandal with book deal

1990s (1)

Beginning looked like Democrats dominated state gov't (Richards, Bullock, Sharp); in 1996 not a single statewide office won by a Democrat; by the end, not a single Democrat held statewide office;

Jim Mattox

Accuses Richards of taking illegal drugs, being a liar, and a lesbian; defeated by Richards

Ann Richards

Faces state ATG Mattox; wins run-off and beats Republican nominee; defeated by George W. in 1994; known for appointing women and minorities to state offices; big issue = public school finance

George W. Bush

elected Gov in 1994 and '98

Kay Bailey Hutchison

State Treasurer; elected to replace Lloyd Bentsen in 1993; held seat from '94-2012; first Texan woman in the Senate

"Robin Hood" plan for state public school aid

Grew out of Edgewood v. Kirby case; rich schools pay state who redistribute funds to poor schools

Bios (4)

SOOOOOO CLOOOOOOOSSSSEEEE!!!

SCOTUS cases (2)

ONE. LAST. PUSHHHH!!!!!

Smith v. Allwright

End of white primary

Brown v. Board of Education

Desegregation of schools; Texas in quiet opposition

Supreme Court: one person, one vote decisions

Forced state to re-district voting districts to contain equal population; power from rural to urban/suburban; end of poll tax; fewer large elections = new opportunities for liberal Democrats and conservative Republicans

WOOOOOHOOOOOOOOOOOOO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

YOU DID THE DAMN THINGGGG!!!!!!!!