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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Contract |
An agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection. |
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Separation of Powers |
A system in which power is given to multiple branches of government, to prevent one branch from becoming too powerful |
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Enlightened Despot |
A monarch during the Enlightenment who pursued legal, social, and economic reforms |
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Joseph II, Catherine II, Maria Theresa |
Joseph II: Austrian ruler who was concerned with the lower classes, he granted religious freedom, abolished serfdom, and paid peasants for labor.
Catherine II: Russian ruler who compromised enlightenment ideals for political realities
Maria Theresa: Produced 16 children. She increased the military, established a military academy, and created public schools out of fear of illiteracy |
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Bill of Rights |
A document that was demanded by the antifederalists. It guaranteed rights of Americans |
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Checks & Balances |
A regulated system that prevents political power from being only in the hands of one group |
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National Assembly |
An assembly formed from the third estate to reform France. Became the first official step of the French Revolution, wrote the declaration of rights of man |
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Robespierre |
Ran a dictatorship through the Committee of Public Safety. He lead the Reign of Terror |
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Reign of Terror |
From 1793-1794, was when enemies of the republic were sought out and sentenced to the guillotine. |
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Napoleonic Code |
Napoleons comprehensive system of laws, it restored order in France by taking away rights from the people |
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Napoleon Bonaparte |
A French officer who gained control through leading a Coup d'état. He passed many reforms and invaded much of Europe before being defeated after a failed invasion of Russia |
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Declaration of Rights of Man |
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" Inspired by the Enlightenment and Dec of Independence.
Ideas of the Declaration: All men are equal Rights to Liberty, Property, Security, Resist Oppression Equal Justice, Freedom |
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Factors of Production |
Land, Labor, Capital |
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Textile Production |
The first industry to be industrialized. Technology from this industry was used in the industrialization of other industries. |
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Urbanization |
The growth or expansion of cities due to an influx of people |
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Imperialism |
The forceful extension of a nations authority by territorial conquest establishing economic and political domination of other nations that are not its colonies |
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Capitalism |
All means of production are privately owned and operated for profit, and all income, prices, and investments are made into a free market |
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Communism |
All production, factories + land is owned and redistributed/shared by everyone |
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Laissez-Faire Economics |
An economic policy that favors a belief that there should not be government intervention in the distribution of wealth, tariffs, and regulation of monopolies. |
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Karl Marx |
Stated that workers must overthrow the bosses and suggested that "Workmen of the world unite." |
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Adam Smith |
Wrote Wealth of Nations. "Let people do as they please." Wanted laissez-faire economics |
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Socialism |
Only some factors of production owned by the government |
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Mercantilism |
An economic theory that promoted governmental regulation of a nations economy. It includes a national economic policy aimed at accumulating monetary resources through a positive balance of trade |
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Maji Maji Rebellion |
The Africans believed they could sprinkle magic water on themselves to turn bullets into water. This caused thousands of deaths. |
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European colonization |
Europeans wanted to take the lands and resources to fund their economies |
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Direct vs Indirect Control |
Indirect: Europeans allowed existing rulers to rule, gave natives rights, and wanted to develop future rulers.
Direct: Europeans provided needs of natives but gave no rights. New rulers were installed, and the goal was assimilation |
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Militarism |
The idea of a strong military and glorification of war through drafts and uniforms for soldiers. |
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Brest-Litovsk |
Ended Russia's involvement in WW1 but surrendered lands to Germany |
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Reparations |
Reparations of damages from war that are given through a treaty.
Germany paid $33 billion in reparations |
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Versailles |
A meeting by the Allies in Versailles, which determined the treaty of Versailles |
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Isolationism |
A policy of remaining out of conflicts and affairs of foreign countries |
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Mobilization |
To actively ready troops for war |
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Entangling alliances |
If one country was caught in a war, others would come to their aid, creating a chain of alliances |
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Imperialism |
Western nations sought for new markets and economic growth, which led to competition and the expansion of global empires |
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Nationalism |
A deep feeling of identity of the people based on language and culture. Held a desire to maintain a country ruled by their own |
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Stalemate |
A battle with no clear winner |
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Nicholas II |
Czar of Russia during the Russian revolution. He was forced to abdicate, and was executed a year later |
