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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Moral relativism |
Personal view of right and wrong Judge oneself Dangerous, can lead to chaos Eg state sovereignty |
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Universalism |
Agreed human values eg UN Dec of human rights |
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State |
Government and political institutions |
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Country |
Land/area, geographical importance |
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Nation |
Population, history, culture, identity |
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Post wwii world system |
Liberal open democratic First world system Led by us and allies Rule based, international law, un, institutions, treaties |
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Two level game |
Foriegn policy, linking domestic and systemic levels of analysis |
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Levels of analysis |
Where causes driving conflict Systemic (world system)(transnational NGOS) Domestic (in state/regime) Individual (ideas of leader) |
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Perspectives |
What causes conflict Realist (power: economic and military) Liberal (interaction and institutions) Identity/constructionism (ideas) |
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Rationalist methods |
Sequential causation Used by liberals and realists (sometimes identity) |
Rationally, x_ y |
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Constructivist methods |
Cause and effect are mutually constituted at the same time Identity perspective |
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Positivist |
Material world and objective reality Known through research, eg stats, large N cases, public opinion QUANTITATIVE Rationalist and constructivist |
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Post-postivist |
Interpretive using language to explain world events Constructivist QUALITATIVE Eg identity perspective, interviews and key words analysed, counterfactual reasoning (If a results in b, but no a results in b, then there are external factors) |
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Deduction |
Testing theory Theory to hypothesis to observation to confirmation (ordinal) Eg Aristotle |
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Induction |
Observation to pattern to hypothesis to theory (detail to abstract) Eg Sherlock |
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Role of judgement |
When do we reach a conclusion with limited time and info? |
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Pragmitism |
Morals and laws don't always have to be obeyed |
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Crimea LOA |
Systemic-russia, Ukraine, Crimea, UN, Turkey, Black Sea Domestic-cultursl schism, language, ethnic Russians, separatists Individual-putin and yanu |
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Crimea perspectives |
Identity-language and ethnic groups, Putin encouraging separatists, yanu Liberal- russian accusation of Ukrainian skimming, EU and USA sanctions, UN declaring illegal annex Realist-russia annexing seeking to gain physical and economic power and control, establish dominance |
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Realism |
Sovereign states v world system State of anarchy Self help Systemic (IR): -Structural: comparison of states' distribution of realtive power, gradual change/static -Process: dynamic action states take on intl scale (eg war, cooperation), driven by structural
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Self help |
Resources, allies, defense, intelligence=POWER security is priority
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RAD |
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Liberalism/institutionalism |
World is in anarchy and materials are power Long term peace is possible |
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Classical liberalism |
State compares with itself Pro peaceful globalisation Democracy, international free market trade is ideal |
Glo, dem, free |
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Neoliberalism |
Promotes diplomacy, international instiution, free trade, collective security, reciprocity. Plus sum gains (mutual benefit) |
Dirfs plus some |
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World government organisations |
UN, WTO, WHO, human rights watch Formerly LON Valuable because creates peace |
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National security |
Government responsible for citizens' feeling of safety Nations differ in definitions of security, allies and enemies, and measures Self help |
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Collective security |
Liberal solution to dangerous NGOs Collective action of world system Safety is public good and human right Preponderance of power assumes most countries are willing to communicate and cooperate security Discourages violators via sanctions BUT lack of info results in lack of trust Cultures clash Hard to enforce Assumes no outside agendas |
P of p |
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Human security |
Safety is basic human right Focuses on security of individual Violations: domestic violence, genocide |
Violations? |
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Identity |
Constructivist Perspectives are socially constructed and ideational Belief systems are built on interacting perspectives Nations construct identities Anarchy and security dilemmas are just an outcome of ideas and not necessary, just beliefs of decision making elites, just beliefs of decision making elites Religion psychology personal characteristics incl |
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External identity |
From interactions with others |
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Internal identity |
From collective history, memory, tradition |
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Self identity |
Internal and external |
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Relative identity |
Uses shared identity to determine who is ally or enemy |
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Democratic peace theory |
Export democracy |
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Social constructivism |
More rules=more agreements=collective identity/converging identities=peace |
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Agent oriented constructivism |
Each country has unique identity Conflict results in differences of identities More ideas in common=peace |
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Critical theory |
Progressive Explains social justice/inequality Marxism blames capitalism Postmodernism examines language uses to marginalise groups Radical feminism: dismantle the patriarchy
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RPM |
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Thucydides' trap |
When a declining power meets a rising power, tension is created Historical cycle, outcome of long term power shift Factors: power, intent, small states Eg corcyra v Corinth |
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Hegemonic stability theory |
Power transition theory Offensive Hegemony acts as world police, keeping peace If challenger arises, should be quelled with preventative war/preemptive(first strike) war |
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Neoclassical realism |
Plural actors ie State leaders, individuals, NGOs, cities, communities Have a heavy influence on state interests by bargaining and compromising |
Helensistic pleading art of pauper |
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Structural realism |
Because international system is in a state of anarchy, countries follow self help and security dilemma Therefore no peace |
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