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186 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Signs and symptoms of open/simple pneumothorax |
Tachypnoea Dyspnoea Obvious wound Reduced or unequal chest movement Emphysema Cyanosis Hyper resonance Localised pain on palpation |
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Causes of pneumothorax |
Blunt Spontaneous Trauma Penetrati Disease |
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Define needle thoracentisis |
INSERTION of a LARGE BORE CANNULA through the 2ND INTERCOSTAL SPACE in the MID CLAVICULAR LINE on the effected side to alleviate life threatening tension pneumothorax |
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Two types of skeleton |
Appendicular Axial |
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6 bones in the skull |
Occipital Ethmoid Sphenoid Frontal Perital Temporal |
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What does the axial skeleton consist of? |
Skull Vertebral column Sternum |
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3 functions of the liver |
Converts glucose to glucogen Breaks down fat Synthesises vitamin A |
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Functions of the skeleton |
Shape Movement Mineral storage Support Blood cell production Storage of energy |
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5 types of bone |
Long Short Flat Irregular Sesmoid |
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4 functions of CSF |
Shock absorb Stop friction Nourish brain Gets rid of waste |
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Two types of bone tissue |
Compact Spongey |
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What does the appendicular skeleton consist of |
Shoulder girdle Upper limbs Pelvic girdle Lower limbs |
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2 forces involved in blunt trauma |
Compression Shear |
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Signs and symptoms of ICP |
Hypertension & bradycardia Reduction in conscious levels Abnormal posturing Abnormal resp patterns |
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6 signs and symptoms of a head injury |
Inability to remember events before the injury Anxiety Aggression Headache Nausea and vomiting Dizziness |
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Early sign of nerve agent poisoning |
Pin point pupils Runny nose Difficulty breathing Tight chest |
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3 indications for bladder catheterisation |
Unable to pass urine Pre / post surgery Abdominal injury |
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4 signs and symptoms of an asthma attack |
Cyanosis Bradycardia Peak flow under 50% of usual rate Wheezing |
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Major contraindications of bladder catheterisation |
Urethra bleeding Major pelvic injury |
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Recognition of superficial burns |
Red Swollen Tender |
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Recognition of partial thickness burns |
Wet visible skin loss Broken skin Infection risk Blisters Raw skin |
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Principles of risk management |
Safe system of work lowers risks |
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What is an FMED 79 |
Spectacles |
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List 3 types of brain injury |
Subdural haematoma Extradural haematoma Subarachnoid haemorrhage |
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Causes of a tension pneumothorax |
Blunt chest trauma Penetrating chest trauma |
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Signs and symptoms of shock |
Hypotension Tachycardia Tachypnoea Pale, cold clammy skin Poor urine output Altered conscious level Anxiety Hypoxia , organ failure Death |
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Causes of injury |
Blunt trauma Penetrating trauma Climate Chemical Burns Medical |
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What is triage sort based on? |
Respiratory rate Blood pressure GCS |
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What is METHANE |
Major incident Exact location Type of incident Hazards Access Number of casualties Emergency services |
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ATMIST |
Age Time Mechanism of injury Injuries sustained Signs and symptoms Treatment |
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Two functional parts of the peripheral nervous system |
Sensory division Motor division |
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What is a mass casualty situation |
When the number of live casualties temporarily overwhelms the available medical and logistical capabilities |
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3 ways to assess a casualties airway |
Check Clear Maintain |
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Treatment aims for emergency childbirth for mother |
Prevent trauma Prevent infections Relieve pain |
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Treatment aims for emergency childbirth for baby |
Resuscitation Prevent trauma Maintain body heat |
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What does rise n fall stand for |
Rate Injuries Symmetry Effort of breathing
Neck signs : Trachea Wounds Emphysema Larynx Veins Every time before collar
Feel for crepitus Assess resonance Listen Look back and sides |
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2 shockable rhythms |
Ventricular fibrillation Ventricular tachycardia |
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Name the movement of a flail segment |
Paradoxical breathing |
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2 categories of bleeding? |
Compressible Non compressible |
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2 types of poison? |
Corrosive Non corrosive |
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State the basic food groups required by the body tissues |
Carbohydrates Fats Protein |
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2 parts of the autonomic nervous system |
Synthetic Parasynthetic |
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3 stages of trauma death? |
Instantaneous Early Late |
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2 acids absorbed in small intestine? |
Amino Fatty |
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Two non shockable rhythms |
Pulseless electrical activity Asystole |
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3 indications for cannulation |
Prolonged entrapment Fluid maintenance Access fluid resus Administer drugs Can’t take orally |
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How much glucogen is given to hypoglycaemic adult and what route? |
1mg IM |
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3 areas of the brain? |
Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain stem |
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3 vital centres located in the medulla oblongata |
Respiratory Viso motor Cardiovascular |
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Define respiratory arrest |
Cessation of breathing |
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Normal breathing rates for adult, child and infant |
Adult 10-20 Child 24-40 Infant 30-40 |
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Signs and symptoms of mild asthma |
Pefr below 50% Orthopnea Wheezing Tachycardia |
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List 2 reasons why a casualty may have unilaterally fixed and dilated pupils |
Stroke Brain/ head injury |
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2 complications of nasal gastric intubation |
Kink in the NG tube Induce vomiting Damage to nasal passage |
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When would you carry out checks on all medical equipment |
Pre / post user checks Daily Weekly Monthly Quarterly Yearly |
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3 layers of the heart |
Pericardium Myocardium Endocardium |
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4 main constitutes of blood |
Red blood cells White blood cells Plasma Platelets |
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What 3 casualties can not have high volumes of oxygen |
Emphysema COPD Paraquat poisoning |
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For anaphylaxis, what IM drug is given at what dose and when would you repeat |
Adrenaline 1:1000 Every 5 mins if no improvement |
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2 reasons you would carry out an IO |
2 or more failed attempts at gaining IV access Injuries that don’t lend themselves to IV access |
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3 types of defibrillator |
Automatic Semi automatic Manual |
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On a pain scale of 1-10, what number would you prefer to administer pain relief |
5 and above |
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List the types of shock |
Septic Hypovolemic Cardiogenic Neurogenic Anaphylactic |
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4 causes of burns |
Chemical Electrical Thermals Friction Radiation |
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Why do we do eye care? |
After surgery Unconscious Relieve pain Prevent infection |
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The duty of employee with manual handling ? |
Assess Reduce Avoid |
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What is an SBAR |
Situation Background Assessment Recommendation
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How many times a day do you do oral care? |
3 |
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How many shocks can you give before cpr |
3 |
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IPC strategy |
Cough etiquette Hand hygiene PPE Isolation |
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Transmission? |
Respiratory droplets Mucus membrane Close contact Contact resp secretions |
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Sources of stress |
Physiological Environmental Personal Inter personal Professional Organisational |
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Signs and symptoms of stress |
Mood Attitude Sleep quality Physical health Activity Habits |
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Types of consent |
Implied Verbal Written |
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Categories of stress |
Health Reacting Injured ill |
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What is last offices? |
After death care |
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Dying patient needs? |
Physical Psychological Social Spiritual |
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Physical changes in death |
Response change Body functions slow Muscle control weakness Respiratory pattern change Skin change Sense change |
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What is SAGE |
Setting Ask Gather Empathy |
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Components of consent |
Voluntary Informed Capacity |
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What is HITMAN |
Head to toe Infection Tubes Medication Analgesia / allergies Nutrition/ notes / nurses |
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Management of nerve agents |
History PPE and decontamination BVM with canister attached Combo pen (3 max) Evac asap |
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Common mental health presentations |
Adjustment disorders Depression Anxiety disorders PTSD Unhappy service person |
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Operational spectrum |
ODP OOTW WAR |
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2 places you do EZIO |
Tibial plateau Head of humerus |
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When would do you CUF |
Non permissible environment |
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Causes of a tension pneumothorax |
Pneumothorax Blunt trauma Chest injury |
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Types of drowning |
Salt water Fresh water Secondary Dry Near |
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For burns, what is the fluid replacement formula |
Area of burn x body weight (kg) x 4ml |
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What is used to assess the surface area of a burn |
Wallace rule of 9s Hand method (casualties palm) |
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Principles of continuous care |
Hygiene Dressing Bed sores Temperature Nutrition |
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2 types of haemothorax |
Simple Massive |
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Type of bleeding that spurts out with pulse rate |
Arterial |
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Layers of the meninges |
Pia mater Dura mater Arachnoid mater |
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Define flail segment |
2 or more ribs broken in 2 or more places |
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Define CRAMP |
Chest Recto perineal sweep Abdomen Missing long bones Pelvis |
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What haemostatic agent is used in celox |
Chitosan |
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What type of shock involves spinal or head injury |
Neurogenic |
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Define intubation |
Introduction of a tube from the larynx to trachea to maintain a clear protected airway |
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3 responses checked by GCS |
Motor Eye Verbal |
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What are 5 blood vessels |
Artery Arterioles Veins Venules Capillary |
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Define shock |
An acute medical condition associated with fall in blood pressure caused by blood loss, severe burns, allergic reaction etc |
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3 major incident levels of command |
Gold Silver Bronze |
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Potential complications of needle thoracentesis |
Pleura infection Haemoatoma Incorrect placement Infection |
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Length of full term pregnancy? |
38-42 weeks |
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iO colour and size of needle |
Pink 15mm Blue 25mm Yellow 45mm |
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Hazard spectrum |
Burns/trauma Environment Medical/toxicological |
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3 classifications of head injury |
Scalp wounds Skull fracture Brain injury |
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Define dyspnoea |
Difficulty / laboured breathing |
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Size OPA for men and women |
Men 4 Women 3 |
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How much blood is lost from 1 rib |
150ml |
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What type of shock is meningococcal meningitis |
Septic |
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4 signs of severe nerve agent poisoning |
Nausea and vomiting Involuntary urination / dedication Muscle twitching / spasms Stopping breathing |
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6 signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax |
Tracheal deviation Rapid breathing Cyanosis Hypertension Hypoxia Absent breath sounds on affected side |
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Define hematemesis |
Vomiting blood |
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List 5 signs and symptoms of open pneumothorax |
Cough Rapid breathing Rapid heart rate Obvious wound Reduced chest movement |
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What doses for Narcan |
0.8mg IM PRN 0.4-2 IV Every 2 mins PRN |
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Where do you perform a needle decompression |
Mid clavicular line 2nd intercostal space just above the 3rd rib |
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Define anaphylactic shock |
An acute allergic reaction affecting the whole body, can be life threatening |
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CSCATT? |
Command and control Safety Communication Assess Triage Treatment Transport |
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Chain of survival? |
Early recognition Early CPR Early defib Post resuscitation care |
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3 pressure points in the body? |
Femoral Brachial Sub clavicular |
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What fluids are used for IV fluid administration |
Colloids Crystaloids |
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What is the first stage of labour |
Painful, rhythmic contractions to the full dilation of the cervix |
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2nd stage of labour |
From full dilation of cervix to complete delivery of the baby |
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What colours are T1, 2 & 3 |
T1 red T2 yellow T3 green |
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4 late signs of nerve agent poisoning |
Headache Increased salivation Dizziness Excessive sweating |
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How much blood is lost from each lung |
2 L per lung |
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How much blood is lost through a fist sized clot |
500ml |
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List 5 factors that can affect heart rate |
Drugs Blood loss Stress Temperature Dehydration |
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Define systolic and diastolic pressure |
Systolic - pressure on arteries when heart contracts Diastolic - pressure on arteries when the heart relaxes |
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What are the 4 aims of defence mental health service |
Provide effective care Provide education Undertake research Act in command liaison role |
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What is FMED 10 |
In patient case sheet |
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What is the definition of oxygen saturation |
The percentage of oxygen in haemogloben |
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What does STAT mean |
Immediately |
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State the factors that determine use of manual handling |
Task Individual Load Environment |
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What happens with frontal injury |
Down and under Up and over |
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5 treatment for burns |
Check ABC Cool down 10 mins Burns bag Pain relief Remove hot clothing |
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Two categories of bleeding |
Internal External |
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What is the blood loss % in the following stages of hypovolemic shock |
One 750ml >15% Two 750ml-1500ml 15-30% Three 1500ml-2000ml 30-40% Four 2000ml >40% |
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What route is narcan given |
IM or IV |
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7 Rs in mental health |
Recognition of reaction Respite Rest Recalls Reassurance Rehab Return |
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How many litres of crystalloid fluid replace 1l of blood |
3 |
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Three types of asthma |
Mild Severe Life threatening |
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3 possible injuries during OPS |
GSW Blast Burns RTC IED |
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Collision types |
Frontal Read Lateral Rotational Rollover |
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Most common cause of blunt trauma |
RTC Compression Shear |
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What drug would you use for opioid overdose |
Narcan - Naloxone |
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What type of shock is myocardial infarction |
Cardiogenic |
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Cause of hypovolemic shock |
Loss of blood and fluid Significant bleeding from blunt trauma, pregnancy, vagina or wounds |
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4 managements of ICP |
Monitor vital signs Evacuate O2 Treat as you see Suspect c spine |
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What does # mean? |
Fracture |
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What are normal peak flow rates for male and female |
Male 500-600 l/pm Female 400-500 l/pm |
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List 5 types of specimen you collect |
Blood Urine Stool Vomit Semen Sputum |
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List 5 specimen investigations |
Viral Protozoa Mycosis Bacteriological Mycrobacteriological |
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What are the aims of defence medical health service |
Provide education Provide effective care Undertake research Act as a command liaison role |
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What is the normal range of O2 saturation |
94-98% |
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What is FMED 152 |
Drug record |
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What does JMES stand for |
Joint medical employment standard |
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What document would you look in regarding info on PULHHEEMS |
Agai 78 |
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3 types of waste disposal and what they consist of |
Domestic - normalc Non clinical - dangerous waste Clinical - bodily fluids |
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What is FMED 5 |
An attendance treatment card |
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How long do you have to respond to a request for info |
20 working days |
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List 4 sights temperature can be obtained |
Tympanic Rectal Axillary Oral |
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Size of CD oxygen? |
460 litres |
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What does SAFE mean |
Shout send signal Assess danger Find and free Evaluate |
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What does PULHHEEMS stand for |
Physical capacity Upper limbs Lower limbs Hearing right Hearing left Eyes right Eyes left Mental capacity Emotional stability |
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What does P E F R stand for |
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate |
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What does TDS mean |
3 times a day |
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2 non shockable rhythms |
Asystole Pea |
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2 shockable rhythms |
VF VT |
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List 3 employment standards |
Medical fully deployable Medically limited deployable Medically not deployable |
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Timings of trauma death |
Instantaneous 0-10 mins Early approx 10mins - 2 hours Late Days - weeks later |
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3 complications with burns and scalds |
Over heating / stroke Infections Shock |
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3 drugs in a combo pen |
Atropine 2mg Avisfone 10mg Pracidoxium 500mg |
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3 indications for advanced airway |
Maintain airway Protect airway Control oxygen and ventilation |
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Types of hazards |
Fire Toxic fumes Enemy fire IED CBRN Suicide bomber Climate Cross infection Physical injury |
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Name 8 reversible causes of cardiac arrest |
Hypothermia Hypoxia Hypovolemia Hyper / hypokalemia
Toxins Tamponade Tension pneumothorax Thrombosis |
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3 layers of the meninges |
Pia mater Dura mater Arachnoid mater |
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Two sections of the main nervous system |
CNS PNS |
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What distance from patient do you wear PPE |
1m |
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Causes of unconsciousness |
Diabetic ketacidosis Hypothermia Hyperthermia Cardiac arrest Infection Faint Epilepsy Head injury Poisoning |
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Body positions |
Supine Lateral Prone Fowlers |
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Full thickness recognition |
Black / white leathery appearance Possible damage to underlying structures Involves all skin layers |
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Complication of incorrect position |
Pressure sores |
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4 stages of shock |
Initial Compensatory Progressive Refractive |
