Adult Skeletal System

The adult human skeletal system consists of tendons, ligaments, and cartilage that connects two hundred and six bones in the body. Each element plays a vital role in the function of support, movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage, and endocrine regulation. Typically a bone has a dense and tough outer layer followed by a spongy layer that is lighter and flexible. In the middle of the bones are bone marrow, where new cells are constantly being made for blood. The skeletal system is divided into two parts: axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton consist of the vertebral column, the rib cage, and the skull. The axial skeleton helps maintain the upright position by transmitting weight from the head and …show more content…
These types include congenital, neuromuscular, degenerative, and idiopathic scoliosis. Congenital scoliosis is caused by a bone abnormality that is present at birth. Neuromuscular scoliosis is caused by a result of abnormal muscles or nerves. Frequently found in people with various conditions of spina bifida and accompanied by paralysis. Degenerative scoliosis results from a traumatic bone collapse, major back surgery, or osteoporosis. Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis out of the four; there is no identifiable cure. Risk factors of scoliosis includes age, sex, and the family history of an individual. Signs and symptoms are seen in the growth spurt years or between the ages of ten through sixteen. Both boys and girl can develop mild scoliosis at the same time, but girls have a much higher risk at the curve worsening and requiring treatment. Scoliosis may run in families, but most children that develop scoliosis do not have a family history of this disease. Signs and symptoms included in the disease scoliosis are uneven shoulders, one shoulder blade more proximate than the other, uneven waist, one hip higher than the other. The spine may begin to get worse, causing the spine to twist along with the curves. The twisting of the spine causes one of the rib cages to stick out farther than the other. If scoliosis is severe, the individual may have back pain and difficulty …show more content…
Some indicator factors that can help speculated the prognosis are thoracic spine anomalies and multiple fully segmented hemivertebrae. A curve less than twenty degrees is described as mild scoliosis. Prognosis for mild scoliosis is positive and most individuals do not require treatment. A spinal curve between twenty-five and seventy-five is considered moderate scoliosis. Prognosis is still in experimental form. Severe scoliosis is when the spinal curve is more than seventy degrees. At this degree the ribs begin to press against the lungs, leading to restriction of breathing and later hypoxia. The reduction of oxygen to blood can interfere with the function involvement of organs leading to organ failure. A curve getter than one hundred is described as very severe scoliosis. Leads to reprecussion of the heart and lungs, due to the changes in the space in