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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Process of Infection |
Process by which infection can spread from one person to another; each link must be present to infect another person. |
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Process of Infection links |
Back (Definition) |
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Causative Agent |
- microorganisms or bacteria that are capable of causing disease -ex. Bacteria, virus, fungus, etc -prevent spread = clean work area, wash hands, & sterilize equipment |
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Reservoir |
-Places where the microorganisms can hang out -Ex. Wounds, insects, waste products, food, and water -prevent spread= wash hands and use sterile technique when needed |
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Portal of Exit |
-This is the route in which the pathogen exits -ex. GI tract, respiratory tract, skin, and mucus membrane - prevent spread= use isolation for those who are infected; sterilize equipment, wash hands, proper disposal of waste material or secretions |
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Mode of Transfer |
-How infection is capable of spreading -Ex. Direct/indirect contact, vectors (bugs) and droplets - Spread of Infection: hand washing, pt cover mouth when coughing and sneezing, use sterile technique when needed |
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Portal of Entry |
-Ways pathogens enter body -Ex. Skin, eyes, mucous membranes, food, water, and air - ways to reduce: hand washing, using proper protective equipment, safe handling of food and good hygiene |
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Susceptible Host |
-Things that make the host susceptible- age, health status, condition of skin, and nutritional status - factors that made elderly populations susceptible: poor nutrition, poor hydration, immobility, chronic illness, and poor hygiene |
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Inflammatory Response |
-Is the response of the body to injury -more blood travel to the area to help kill off pathogen - site may feel warm, look red, and be swollen |
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Body’s First Defense |
-intact skin -protects the entry of pathogen |
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Body’s second defense |
Destroys pathogen once they enter the body by increasing: -body temperature -release of white blood cells (leukocytosis) -phagocytosis -inflammation |
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Body’s Third Response |
- the third line of defense is the immune response - triggered by foreign invaders entering the body -immune system response specific (antibodies) to type of invader
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Asepsis |
-Free from/ absence of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, etc) -2 types of Asepsis: — Medical Asepsis —Surgical Asepsis
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Medical Asepsis |
- Reduce numbers of pathogen - Referred to as “Clean techniques “ -Used: —Medication —Enemas —Tube Feedings —Daily Hygiene |
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Surgical Asepsis |
-Eliminates all Pathogens -Referred to as “Sterile Technique” -Used: —Dressing changes —Catheterization —Surgical Procedures |
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*Hand Hygiene *PPE *Precautions *Cleaning and disinfecting |
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Infectious Process |
-when pathogens enter the body, goes through 4 stages -4 Stages: Incubation, Prodromal, illness, & convalescents Length Affected by: -overall health status of host - type of organism -environment infection occurred |
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Incubation Period |
-occurs when pathogen first enters body - last until onset of symptoms appear -organisms multiples in body and begin to affect cells/tissues -may spread |
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Prodromal Period |
-Occurs: onset of vague systems until person has specific systems -may last a few hours to 2-3 days -person is highly contagious at this stage -pt may have a fever, general malaise and become irritable |
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Illness Period |
-pt may have localized/ symptoms - symptoms include: headache, |
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Convalescent period |
-Symptoms subside body is beginning to return to pre- illness state -can last days or weeks, depending again on pathogen and health status of the host |
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HAI*** |
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