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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pain |
- A feeling everyone will experience in their lifetime - A feeling of discomfort that can interfere with person’s ability to function and can slow down healing process - Experience of pain is different and unique; 5th vital sign - 1999=Joint Commission established standards for pain’ all pt has right to proper pain management |
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* Theories of pain —Gate Control Theory of Pain |
- Pain is controlled by gate mechanism in central nervous system - Opening get allows pain signals to travel to the brain= increasing severity of pain - Closing the gate blocks the signal of pain to brain= decreasing pain experience - Opens gate= inactivity, anxiety, fear, loneliness, etc - Closes gate= distractions, relaxation, guided imagery, activity, etc - Pg 601 |
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Endogenous Endorphins |
- Chemicals made by the body that decreases the severity of pain - Word endorphin comes from “morphine”; they block sensation of pain - Ex of endorphins= adrenalin, serotonin |
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Types of pain |
- Acute - Chronic - Phantom - Neuropathic - Nociceptive |
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Acute pain |
- Usually associated with injury - Once you treat injury pain goes away - Short in duration= last few hours to day - Usually change in person’s vital signs - Conditions causing acute pain= heart attack, sickle cell crisis, and pneumonia |
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Chronic pain |
- Long lasting= range from moths to years - Associated t=with ongoing condition - Conditions causing chronic pain= arthritis and back problems - May/ may not see v.s. change |
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Phantom |
- Occurs after loss of body part - Person may complain of pain in the body part that is no longer there |
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Neuropathic |
- Associated w/ dysfunctional nervous system - Nervous system can’t properly process pain sensation causing overreaction to pain sign - Pain receptors become sensitive to stimuli and send pain signals to the brain more easily - Condition that causes this= HIV, Cancer, Diabetes |
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Nociceptive Pain |
- Pain due to damage to tissue where receptors found - Pain receptors= sun, joints, internal organs - Caused by things like burns or trauma - 4 phases associated= transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation |
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Tranduction |
- First phase- begin w/ stimulus from periphery - Causes release of substances that stimulates the nociceptors in body= starts sensation of pain |
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Transmission |
- Second phase - The pain signal is sent through the spinal cord |
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Perception |
- Third phase - The pain perception now travels to the brain |
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Modulation |
- Forth phase - The body releases neurotransmitters to help decreases the pain sensation |
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Focused pain assessment |
- Pain is what the person says - Person admits pain= investigate pain - Ask when pain start, how long? Alleviating factor? Precipitating factor? Location & frequency? Quality?(stabbing, crushing) severity?(scale) |
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Pain scale |
- Adult pain scale from 0-10 - Children- Wong- Baker scale (faces) - Infants- cries (crying, requires oxygen, expression, and sleeplessness) |
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Non-medical treatment treatment |
- Relaxation techniques - Biofeedback - Use of heat or cold - Binders, cast, immobilizers - TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) Pg 605 |
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medical pain treatment |
- 4 categories of medicine used to treat pain - Non narcotics or opioids - Adjuvant analgesia - Pg 610 - PCA= pt controls analgesia (pump that allows pt to self administer dose of pain med |
