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142 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ultimatum
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Final demand or statement of terms, the rejection of which will result in a breakdown in relations
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Powder Keg
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Balkan Peninsula, place of assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
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Mandates
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Post war territories expected to be governed by the League of Nations (oversee a colony until self-sufficient)
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Entente
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Friendly agreement
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Elan
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Spirit in battle, French word
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Years of WWI
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1914 - 1918
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What were the six causes of WWI?
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1. nationalism
2. imperialism 3. militarism 4. alliances 5. internal dissent 5. assassination of Archduke |
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Archduke Ferdinand
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Austrian archduke assassinated by Serbians on June 28, 1914
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Triple Alliance
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
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Triple Entente
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France, England, Russia
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Schlieffen Plan
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Germany's plan to avoid a two front war. They planned to defeat France quickly and then focus on Russia.
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The Western Front
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Germany vs. France
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Zimmerman Message
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Message intercepted by USA, in which Germany asked Mexico to attack USA
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War Guilt
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Placing full responsibility of war soley on one country (Germany)
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Weimar Republic
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1919 - Germany's new democratic government
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Dawes Plan
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Plan to give $200 million to help Germany recover from WWI
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Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact
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63 Nations agreed to renounce war, but failed because no means of enforcing
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How was the US economy flawed after WWI?
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1. Uneven distribution of wealth
2. Overproduction 3. Americans buying less |
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Margin Buying
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Borrow money from someone to play the stock market
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FDR
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nickname of president Franklin Delano Roosevelt, created the New Deal
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The New Deal
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Government Reform
1. created public projects to end unemployment 2. financial help to buisnesses and farms 3. money spent on welfare and relief programs |
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Japans Invasions
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1931: Japan seized Manchuria
1933: Japan left League of Nations 1937: Invaded China and defeated them in war |
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How did Hitler rise to power?
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-rhineland
-austria -sudeten land -czechoslovakia -poland |
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Mussolini's attacks before WWII
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Albania and Ethiopia
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Munich Conference
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Western European leaders agreed to give Czechoslovakia to Germany after Hitler said he would take no more land
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Appeasement
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Pacify or placate by agreeing to demands
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What were Japans goals during WWII?
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Wanted resources because landlocked; steel, land, and people to build economy
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December 7, 1941
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Pearl Harbor - Japan launched a surprise attack on the U.S. Naval Base. Resulted in the US joining the war
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Asia for the Asians
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Slogan for Japanese to help them take over all of the Pacific
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Genocide
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Deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially of a particular ethnic race, religion, or nation
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What were the turning point battles of WWII?
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1. Midway
2. El Alamein 3. Stalingrad 4. Normandy |
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Harry Truman
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Took over after Roosevelt, had to decide whether to drop the atomic bomb or not
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Who was the Italian leader during WWII?
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Mussolini
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Erwin Rommel
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"Desert Fox" - Nazi general, led Africa Korps but lost El Alamein
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Eisenhower
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Leader of US Forces in D-Day, became 34th president of USA
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Chester Nimitz
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Naval commander in Pacific for USA
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Who was the Russian Commander for Stalingrad?
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Zhukov
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Kamikaze
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Japanese suicide missions
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Gestapo
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German secret police under Nazi rule
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Black Shirts
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Mussolini's men
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Third Reich
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Nazi Germany
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Dunkirk
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May 10, 1940 - Germany launched an unexpected attack through Luxembourg and Ardennes Forest. They broke through French forces and trapped all French/British forces on Dunkirk beaches. British evacuated 330,000 troops.
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Battle of Britain
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1940 - Germany launched air attack on Britain, British were able to hold off the Germans
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Lend-Lease Act
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USA sent supplies to allies before they entered the war
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D-Day/Operation Overlord/Normandy date
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June 6, 1944
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Blitzkrieg
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"Lightning" - Nazi strategy
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Pacifism
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Refusal to fight
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Lebensraum
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German term for "living space" - wanted more territory
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Holocaust
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11 million people killed, mainly Jews in Nazi Concentration Camps
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Yalta Conference
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The big 3 players were there, USSR will enter Pacific War, USSR is awarded Poland, free elections
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Iron Curtain
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Division between Western Europe/USA and Eastern Europe
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Berlin Airlift
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America flew supplies into Southern/Eastern Germany
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Berlin Wall
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Built on the boundary between East and West Berlin in 1961
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Marshall Plan
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Money from USA to help economies of Europe to ensure that communism doesn't spread
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Satellite Nations
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.
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NATO
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Alliance of Western Europe and USA
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Warsaw
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Mutual defense treaty of communist states in Eastern Europe
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Truman Doctrine
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Effort to stop the spread of communism, help anyone threatened by communism (Greece + Turkey)
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Containment
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American attempt to stop communism from spreading
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Domino Theory
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Eisenhower - if one country falls to communism, the others will too
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UN and Security Council
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.
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Brezhnev, Brezhnev Doctrine
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Took over after Krushev
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Superpowers
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.
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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Closest world has ever come to nuclear war. Russia was giving nuclear missiles to Cuba and US was going to go against them in fear of the spread of communism.
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Bay of Pigs
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Cuba threatening to invade USA, USA took exiles from Cuba and tried to train them
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Cold War Countries
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.
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Vietnam was purpose and outcome
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Purpose: Save South Vietnam from North Vietnam
Outcome: Failed, North took over |
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USA Death Toll in Vietnam
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.
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Vietnamization
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USA trying to help South Vietnam stand up for themselves and take over so US could leave
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Viet Cong
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South Vietnamese Communists
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Ho Chi Ming
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leader of North Vietnam
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Geneva Accord
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1954 - Peace Conference, split North and South Vietnam permanently, used 17th parallel
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Tet offensive
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New Years - Viet Cong attacked South Vietnamese
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Years of Vietnam
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1964 - 1973
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Paris Peace Accord
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1973 - Cease fire that ended Vietnam war so US left. Two years later North Vietnam finally took over South
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Country in control of Vietnam prior to war
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France
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Korean War Purpose and Outcome
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Purpose: Save South Korea from North Korea
Outcome: Saved it |
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Years of Korean Conflict
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1950 - 1953
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Who disagreed with Truman?
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MacArthur
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What is the boundary line in Korea?
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38th parallel
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Sun Yat-Sen (Sun Yixian)
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President of Nationalist Party
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What did nationalists in China want?
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Nationalism, democracy, better economy
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What year did the Nationalists in China take over?
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1912
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Chian Kai-Shek (Jiang Jieshi)
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Succeeded Sun Yat-Sen
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What was the relationship between the Nationalists and Communist Party?
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Initially fought together against warlords, then fought each other
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Mao Zedong
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One of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party
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What were Mao's goals?
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Revolutionize China with peasants
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Shanghi Massacre
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1927 - Attempt by Nationalists to wipe out communist leaders
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Long March
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Communists fled after trapped by Nationalists, began a hazardous, 6,000 mile journey
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Chinese Civil War
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1930 - Communists vs. Nationalists
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May 4th Movement
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After the Treaty of Versaille gave Chinese territories to Japan, over 3,000 students protested in Beijing. This led to a rise in power of communism.
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Kuomintang
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Nationalist Party
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Qing Dynasty and what happened to it?
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Lost Dynasty, tooken over in 1911 by communists
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Where did the communist party draw from?
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Peasants
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How did 1937 change China temporarily?
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Attacked by Japan
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Guerilla warfare
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Small independent groups taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger forces
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Which party fought the hardest?
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Communists
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Rasputin
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Crazy, holy man in Russia, close with royal family, started to gain power so was killed
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Romanov Dynasty
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Czar Nicholas II was the last ruler
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March Revolution
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March 8-12, 1917 - families/peasants marched for shortage of food/land/working conditions. Resulted in the abdication of Nicholas II
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Bolsheviks
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Lenin/Red Army - wanted communism and radical revolution
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Lenin
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Spread communism throughout the world by rebuilding the economy and promising "peace, land, bread"
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Stalin's Years
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1928-1953
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Autocrat
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Absolute ruler, no restrictions, czar
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Collective Farms
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Government combines private farms into larger farms on which families work for the state
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Command Economy
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Soviet
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Union of local leaders from towns, formed USSR
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Great Purge
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Campaign of terror directed at eliminating anyone who threatened Stalin's power
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Stalin and how he took power
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Replaced Lenin, remained in power by killing off people who he felt had gained too much power (terrorism)
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NEP
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Proposed by Lenin to prevent Russian economy from collapsing
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Five Year Plan
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Designed to help Soviet Union's economy - increased output of steel, coal, electricity
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1917 Russian Revolution
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.
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Kerensky
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Head of Duma, wanted to stay in war, so people disliked him
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Provisional Government
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1905 Bloody Sunday
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January 22, 1905 - Peaceful protesting of working conditions by workers/families but were slaughtered when the czar sent out his army
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How did WWI affect Indian Nationalism?
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Broke up Ottoman Empire, British Empire began to crack, learned about nationalism and democracy from British schools
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Gandhi
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Where did Ghandi's ideas come from?
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Blend of religions
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Rowlatt Act
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Allowed British government to jail protestors without trial for as long as two years
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Amristar Massacre
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British massacred Muslims and Hindus
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Hindu National Party
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Muslim League
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1906 - protect Muslim interests
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Salt March
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Show opposition to salt taxes - collected own seawater and made salt
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Symbols of British Oppression
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Resources India lacked
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Nehru Dynasty
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First Prime Minister of India (17 years) democracy, unity, economy
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How did population cause hardships in India?
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Overpopulation, lack of food, creates social inequality
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Cold War Alliance
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India stayed neutral
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Bhutto
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Prime Minister of Pakistan
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Sikh
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Third religions group, needed to find a place to live when India was split
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The Palestinian Question
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Is Palestine a state?
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Palestinian Issues
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Camp David Accord
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Egypt recognized Israel as a legitimate state and Israel agreed to return Sinai Peninsula
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Oslo Peace
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Granted Palestinians self-rule in Gaza Strip and West Bank beginning with Jericho (1993)
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Yassir Arafat
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Chairman of PLO
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Anwar Sadat
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Egyptian President of PLO
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Terrorism
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Use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims
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Taliban
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Muslim movement whose militia took control of Afghanistan, in 1996 set up radical Islamic state
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Years of USSR war with Afghanistan
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Mujahideen
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Guerilla fighters in Islamic countries
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Intafada
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Uprising
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Six Day War
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June 5-10, 1967 - Israel occupied Sinai, Jerusalem, West Bank, Golan Heights, and defeated the Egyptian, Jordanian, and Syrian alliance
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