Female Pelvis From Chapter 35 Of Hagen Ansert

Front 1

Pelive cavity

Back 1

1:Posterior:Occupied by rectum, colon, and ileum
2:Anterior: Occupied by bladder, uterus, ovaries, follopian tubes, uterus, & viginal

Front 2

Layers of the uterus

Back 2

Perimetrium:serous;outer layer of the uterus, serosa
Myometrium:muscular middle layer of the uterus composed of thick, smooth muscle supported by connective tissue
Endometrium:Inner mucous member of uterine body

Front 3

uterus

Back 3

Cross the pelvic inlet anterior to bifercation of common iliac arteries
Run anterior to internal iliac arteies & posterior to the ovaries.
Run antriorly & medially under the base of the board ligament where they are crossed by the uterine artery
Run anterior and lateral to the upper vagin to enter the posterioinferior bladder

Front 4

Bladder

Back 4

*Apex:located posterior to pubic bones
*Base:Anterior to vagina, superior surface related to uterus
*Neck:rests on upper surface of urogenital diaphragm, inferolateral surface relate to retro pubic fat, obturator internus, levator ani muscles, and pubic bone

Front 5

Pelvic muscles

Back 5

*Psoas major: pelvic sidewall
*Iliacus:pelic sidewall
*Piriformis:posterolateral wall Obturator internus:anterolateral pelvic sidewall
*Levator ani:pelvic floor(diaphragm)(3part)
*Coccygeus:posterior pelvic floor(diphragm)

Front 6

Uterine Size

Back 6

premenarchal:1.0-3.0;.5-1.0
Adult(nuliparous):6-8;3-5;3-5
*Adult(parous):8-10;5-6;5-6
*postmenopasal:3-5;2-3;2-3
*With Multiparity:increase size by 1.0-2.0

Front 7

where fertilization occurs?

Back 7

Ampulla: widest part of the tube where the fertilization occurs

Front 8

Menstural Status

Back 8

*Premenarche:prepuberty
*Menarche:Menstruating approximatly every 28 days
*Menopause:Cessation of menses

Front 9

Menstrual Cycle

Back 9

*proliferative Phase:-days 1-14-Correspond to the folicular phase of ovarian cycle- Mensturation occurs on day 1-14 -Thin endometrium -Estrogen level increase as ovarian follicle develope -Increasing estrogen level cause uterinelining to regenerate and thincken -Ovulation occurs on day 14
*Secratory Phase: -day 15-28 -Correspond to the luteal phase of ovarian cycle -Ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum -Corpus luteum secrets progestrone -Endometrium thickens -If no pregnancy,estrogen and progestron decrease -Menses on day 28

Front 10

Abnormal Menses

Back 10

*Polymenorrhea:menstrual cycle with an interval lass than 21 days *Oligomenorrhea: menstural cycles prolonged more than 35 days.*menorrhagia:Abnormally heavy or long periods *Dysmenorrhagia: painful periods *Amenorrhea: Absence of mensturation.

Front 11

Pelvic Resses

Back 11

*Vesicouterine pouch:Anterior cu-de-sac;anterior to the fundus btween the uterus & bladder *Rectoterine pouch: posterior cal-de-sac; posterior to the uterine body and cervix, between the uterus and rectum *Retropubic space: Space of Retzius, between bladder and symphysis and pubis

Front 12

FSH

Back 12

folicle-stimulating hormone

Front 13

LH

Back 13

luteinizing hormone

Front 14

GnRHs

Back 14

gonodotropin releasing hormone

Front 15

hCG

Back 15

human chorionic gonadotropin

Front 16

Adnexa

Back 16

sructure or tissue next to or near another related structure; the ovaries and the fallopian tubes are adnexa of the uterus.

Front 17

Anteverted

Back 17

tipped forward

Front 18

Acuate Vessels

Back 18

Small vessels found along the priphery of the uterus

Front 19

Endometrium

Back 19

Inner lining of the uterine cavity; which appers echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound, depending on the menstural cycle

Front 20

Internal Os

Back 20

inner surface of the cervical os

Front 21

Menopause

Back 21

when menses have ceased permanently

Front 22

Parity

Back 22

Pregnancy

Front 23

Prolifertive phase(early)

Back 23

days 5-9 of the menstural cycle; endometrium appears as a single thin stripe with a hypoechoic halo encompassing it; creat the "three-line sign"

Front 24

Proliferative phase(late)

Back 24

days 10-14 of the menstrual cycle; endometrium increase in the thickness and echogenicity

Front 25

Retroverted

Back 25

Bending backward

Front 26

Secretory (luteal)Phase

Back 26

days 15-28 of the menstural cycle; the endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior enhancement

Front 27

Adenomyosis

Back 27

benign invasive growth of the endometrium that may cause heavy, painful menstrual bleeding

Front 28

Cervical Polyp

Back 28

hyperplastic protrusion of the epithelium of the cervix; may be broad based or pedunculated

Front 29

Cervical Stenosis

Back 29

Acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal

Front 30

Curettage

Back 30

scraping with curet to remove the contents of the uterus, as is done following inevitable or incomplete abortion; to produce abortion; to abortion specimens for use in diagnosis; and to remove growths, such as polyps