Eye/ear

Front 1

palpebrae

Back 1

eyelids

Front 2

tarsal plates

Back 2

thick CT that gives eyelid their shape

Front 3

conjunctiva

Back 3

mucous membrane that is facing eyeball and covering eyeball

stratified squamous epithelium (non-kt)

Front 4

orbicularis oculi

Back 4

facial nerve

closes eye

Front 5

lens

Back 5

focuses light on the retina

Front 6

lacrimal apparatus

Back 6

tear circulation.production

Front 7

lacrimal gland

Back 7

makes tears

Front 8

lacrimal puncta

Back 8

little holes medially in eye that absorb tears

Front 9

lacrimal canals (canaliculi)

Back 9

inferior and superior ducts that run from the puncta to the sac

Front 10

larimal sac

Back 10

medial sac that fills with tears

Front 11

nasolacrimal duct

Back 11

drains tears into the nasal cavity

Front 12

lacrimal gland production to excretory ducts to eye surface through lacrimal puncta into superior and inferior lacrimal canals into lacrimal sac through nasolacrimal canal into nasal cavity

Back 12

flow of tears

Front 13

levator palpebrae superioris

oculomotor

Back 13

elevates the eye lid

nerve?

Front 14

superior rectus-oculomotor

Back 14

superior muscle that directs eye upward

nerve?

Front 15

inferior rectus-oculomotor

Back 15

superior eye muscle that directs eye straight downward

nerve?

Front 16

lateral rectus-abducens

Back 16

lateral eye muscle that directs eye laterally


nerve?

Front 17

medial rectus-oculomotor

Back 17

medial eye muscle that directs eye medially

nerve?

Front 18

inferior oblique-oculomotor

Back 18

moves the eye lateral and UP

runs laterally to medially underneath the eye

nerve?

Front 19

superior oblique-trochlear

Back 19

runs through the trochlea and turns the eye laterally and DOWN

nerve?

Front 20

trochlea

Back 20

pulley structure in eye that the sup. oblique runs through (cartilagenous)

Front 21

mechanical support, protection, attachment of muscles. also assis in focusing (cornea and sclera)

Back 21

fibrous tunic function

Front 22

cornea

Back 22

transparent layer on outside of the eye

Front 23

sclera

Back 23

dense fibrous CT on the outside of the eye that gives it it's WHITE color

Front 24

root for BV lymph transport to and from eye. also regulates entering light and circulates aqueous humor

Back 24

vascular tunic

Front 25

choroid

Back 25

dark layer that has melanocytes and blood vessels

Front 26

iris

Back 26

colored part of the eye that contains BV and smooth muscle cells

Front 27

pupillary dialators

Back 27

SPOKE muscle in iris that open up the pupil

Front 28

pupillary constrictors

Back 28

circular muscles that constrict the pupil

Front 29

pupil

Back 29

central opening in iris

Front 30

ciliary body

Back 30

begins at the junction between the cornea and sclera and functions in accommodation and aqueous humor production

Front 31

ciliary muscle

Back 31

muscular ring that projects into the interior of the eye that regulates flow of aqueous humor into the canal of schlemm. helps with accommodation

Front 32

ciliary processes

Back 32

folds of muscles that go towards the lends that are attaced to suspensory ligaments

Front 33

suspensory ligaments

Back 33

tie ciliary body to lends and help with contraction and changing the shape of the lens

Front 34

retina

Back 34

area that contains photoreceptors BV and processin neurons

Front 35

macula lutea

Back 35

bigger area where there are no rods

high visual acuity

Front 36

fovea centralis

Back 36

area in eye that has the highest concentration of cones

Front 37

optic disc

Back 37

where the optic nerve enters the retina, the "blind spot"

Front 38

anterior cavity

Back 38

area from cornea to lens that contains aqueous humor

Front 39

anterior chamber of anterior cavity

Back 39

cornea to iris area

Front 40

posterior chamber of anterior cavity

Back 40

iris to lens

Front 41

posterior cavity

Back 41

also known as the vitreous chamber which is everything that is posterior to the lens

Front 42

vitreous humor

Back 42

more viscous jelloey liquid in the eye that fills the posterior cavity

Front 43

when an object is brought close to our eye the ciliary muscles will contract the suspensory ligaments will relax and as a result the lens will become thicker and focus light sooner

NCST:

ciliary muscles tighten
slacening of suspensory ligaments
thickening of lends

Back 43

accomodation (NEAR)

Front 44

FRTT

relax ciliary muscles
thinning of the lends
tightening of suspensory ligaments

Back 44

accommodation (FAR)

Front 45

reduction in lens transparancy that causes visual impairment

Back 45

cataracts

Front 46

tissue removal muscle be quickly and these are very common because there are no BV here and there likely won't be any WBC

Back 46

corneal transplants

Front 47

nearsightedness where the image forms too early

eyeball is too long

concave lens

Back 47

myopia

Front 48

farsightness

focal point is behind the retina

eyeball is too short

convex lens

Back 48

hyperopia

Front 49

aqueous humor overprodution

cannot drain enough through the canal of schlemm

blindness can occur if not fixed

Back 49

glaucoma

Front 50

abnormal blind spots that are fixed in position

Back 50

scotoma

Front 51

chronic conjunctivitis that is caused by a viral or bacteral invasion of conjunctiva

treatment is antibiotics

Back 51

trachoma

Front 52

infection of a sebaceous gland, a tarsal gland or a sweat gland that causes swelling

Back 52

sty

Front 53

ciliary process of ciliary body production to posterior chamber of anterior cavity through the pupil into the anterior chamber of anterior cavity out through the canal of schlemm

Back 53

pathway of aqueous humor

Front 54

made of elastic catilage that focuses soundwaves into the inner ear

Back 54

pinna/auricle

Front 55

tympanic membrane

Back 55

first part of the middle ear made of CT that vibrates to conduct sound

Front 56

auditory ossicles

Back 56

malleus incus and stapes are all called....

Front 57

malleus

Back 57

the first ear bone in contact with the tympanum

Front 58

incus

Back 58

the second middle ear bone

Front 59

stapes

Back 59

this middle ear bone attaches to the inner ear via the oval window

Front 60

tensor tympani-mandibular branch of the trigeminal

Back 60

muscle on TOP of the middle canal that runs from the petrousregion of the temporal bone to the maleus

nerve?

Front 61

stapedius muscle-facial nerve

Back 61

muscle that runs on the posterior wall of the middle ear and connects to the stapes

contraction of this muscle causes the stapes to vibrate less and as a result less sound is conducted into the middle ear

nerve?

Front 62

eustachian tube (auditory tube)

Back 62

tube that connects to the nasopharynx that equalizes pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere

Front 63

bony labyrinth

Back 63

this is filled with perilymph and is a osseuous membrane that is fused with the temporal bone

Front 64

semicircular canals

Back 64

rings in the inner ear that are involved in equilibrium and balance

Front 65

up and down FRONT semicircular canal that senses a "yes" motion

Back 65

anterior semicircular canal

Front 66

up and down BACK semicircular canal that senses a cartwheel like motion

Back 66

posterior semicircular canal

Front 67

side to side running semicircular canal that senses a no head motion

Back 67

lateral semicircular canal

Front 68

ampullae

Back 68

bulges on the bottom of the semicircular canals where there are a lot of sensory receptors

Front 69

vestibule

Back 69

bulge where all of the semicircular cnal rings come together

Front 70

cochlea

Back 70

snail shaped structure that is actually involved in hearing

Front 71

filled with endolymph and has a higher potassium and lower sodium

Back 71

membranous labyrinth (composition inside?)

Front 72

semicircular ducts

Back 72

ducts that are inside the semicircular canals

Front 73

urticle

Back 73

bulge on the vestibule that is CLOSER to the semicircular canals


senses gravity and linear acceleration

Front 74

saccule

Back 74

bulge on the vestibule that is CLOSER to the cochlea

senses gravity and linear acceleration

Front 75

cochlear duct

Back 75

membranous labyrinth that spirals upward

Front 76

round window

Back 76

on the inferior vestibule which marks the end of the sound pathway

Front 77

oval window

Back 77

covered be the stapes on the vestibule and marks the beginning of the inner ear

Front 78

auricle to external auditory canal to tympanum. then malleus, incus, stapes to the oval window. moves the perilymph in the vestibular duct which moves the endolymph in the cochlear duct which moves the hair cells in the organ of corti. vibrations then dissappate out the round window in the tympanic duct

Back 78

pathway of sound

Front 79

middle ear infection where eardrum is pressed on by bacteria or a virus

Back 79

otitis media

Front 80

middle ear problems from scarring, a hole in the eardrum, or wax/water trapped.

these block normal transfer from eardrum to oval window

Back 80

conductive deafness

Front 81

problem within cochlea or nerve pathway where either the receptors cannot respond to stimulation or signal can be transferred to brain

Back 81

nerve deafness

Front 82

insertion of electrodes into cochlear nerve to provide external stimulation that provides some sensitivity to sounds in the absense of a funtional organ of corti

Back 82

cochlear implant

Front 83

ringing in the ear caused by vestibulocochlear nerve

Back 83

tinnitus

Front 84

abnormal endolymph production that causes damage to nucleous or tracts of the vestibular nerve. may rupture membrand and mix endo and peri so there are highly stimulated receptors causes intense spinning or rolling feelins

Back 84

Meniere's disease

Front 85

infection of the mastoid process often caused by untreated otitis media

treated with antibiotics

Back 85

mastoiditis

Front 86

automatic eye movements that occur in response to sensations of movement controlled by superior colliculi

after damage to brainstem these can occur in stationary individuals

Back 86

nystagmus

Front 87

drainage of middle ear into surgical opening in tympanic membrane

treatment for otitis media

Back 87

myringotomy

Front 88

most common cause of vertigo.

symptoms are headache, sweating, flushed fae, nausea, vomitting

Back 88

motion sickness

Front 89

inappropriate sense of motion caused by CNS infections or other infections

Back 89

vertigo

Front 90

deadening of sounds by the tensory tympany and stapedius muscles contraction

tensor tympany pulls on the tympanum and reduces its vibrations

the stapedius will pull on the stapes and prevens its some of its vibration on the oval window

Back 90

attenuation reflex