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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are 3 purposes of the respiratory system
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-gas exchange
regulate blood pH receptors for smell and filters air |
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what are the 3 processes of aspiration
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pulmonary ventilation
alveolar respiration tissue respiration |
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movement of air for
pulmonary ventilation alveolar respirationn tissue respiration |
in and out of lungs
gases move from lungs to blood gases move from blood to cells |
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what is the general pathway of airflow
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nose
pharynx trachea bronchi lungs |
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the nose is supported internally by
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bone and cartilage
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the nasal cavity is divided into L and R sections by
the anterior is the posterior is |
nasal septum
cartilage bone (vomer ethmoid palatine) |
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what are the 3 areas of the nasal cavity
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vestibule
olfactory respiratory (major portion) |
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characteristics of the vestibule
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anterior
just inside the nose contains skin and coarse hair filters large dust particles |
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characteristics of the olfactory
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roof of nasal cavity
olfactory cells cranial nerve 1 |
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characteristics of the respiratory
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major portion of nasal cavity
contains superior, middle and inferior conchae curls from lateral walls contains meatuses warms air as you inhale, mucus released to trap dust particles |
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what are 2 characteristics of the pharynx
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provides place for resonation of speech
passageway for both food and air |
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what are the 3 subdivisions of the pharynx
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nasopharynx- equalizes pressure between pharynx and inner ear via Eustachian tubes
oropharynx- passageway for digestion and respiration also houses 2 pairs of tonsils( palatine and larynx) laryngopharynx- respiratory and digestive |
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the larynx is
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the voicebox
connects pharynx to trachea |
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what are the 4 cartilages of the larynx
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thyroid cartilage
epiglottis glottis cricoid cartilage |
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what is another name for thyroid cartilage
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adams apple
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what cartilage forms the anterior wall of the larynx
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thyroid cartilage
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what part of the larynx is involved in swallowing
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epiglottis
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what are parts of the swallowing process
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pharynx and larynx rise
epiglottis slides down glottis is sealed prevents food from going down larynx |
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the glottis consists of
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pair of folds of mucous membranes
and vocal cords |
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what is the clinical landmark for a tracheotomy
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cricoid cartilage
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what is a ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx
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cricoid cartilage
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what is the rima glottidis
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space between the two folds of mucous membranes of the glottis
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what is the windpipe cartilage called
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trachea
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the trachea is located
and divides |
anterior to esophagus
divides into R and L primary bronchi |
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the carina is
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a cartilage ring surrounding the trachea right before the division b/w L and R primary bronchi
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what is the bronchial tree progression from R and L primary bronchi
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R and L primary bronchi
lobe- secondary bronchi segmentary- tertiary bronchi bronchioles terminary bronchi respiratory bronchi alveolar ducts alveoli |
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characteristics of the primary bronchi
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extrapulmonary
things can actually get lodged down there they split into each lung R side is more vertical and wide |
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secondary ( lobular) bronchi
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Left side has 2 lobes
right side has 3 lobes |
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tertiary ( segmentary) bronchi
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10 in each lung
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bronchioles have the ability to
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contract and expand due to the presence of smooth muscle
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terminal bronchioles
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are the end branches of the bronchi, have 50-80 per lobe
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in what part of the lungs may gas exchange first take place
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respiratory bronchioles
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respiratory bronchioles are
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microscopic, penetrate deep into lungs and often cling to some alveoli
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there are ____ alveolar ducts for each respiratory bronchiole
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2-11
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alveoli
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latin word for flask
permeable membrane allow air diffusion alveolar capillary membrane prevented from collapsing by a surfactant |
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what allows alveoli to maintain their shape?
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surfactant
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what are the landmarks of the lungs
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base- wider
apex- narrow costal surface- surface lying against ribs mediastinal surface- contains hilus cardiac notch- left lung only |
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the right lung has how many lobes and how many fissures
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3 lobes
2 fissures- horizontal and oblique |
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the left lung has how many lobes and how many fissures
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2 lobes
1 fissure- oblique |
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what is the serous membrane surrounding each lung
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pleural membrane
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what are the 2 layers of the pleural membrane
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visceral- deep- outer surface of each lung
parietal- superficial- walls of interior thoracic cavity |
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both pleural membranes secrete
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a lubricating fluid for frictionless breathing, causing membranes to adhere to one another
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what is the difference between a pneumothorax and a hemothorax
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pneumo= filled with air
hemo= filled with blood |
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a pneumothorax causes
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increase in pressure
can collapse the lung, lung no longer able to function properly |
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what are the 3 basic steps of pulmonary ventilation
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pulmonary ventilation
alveolar (pulmonary) respiration tissue respiration |
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pulmonary ventilation deals with the exchange of
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air between lungs and atmosphere
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pulmonary respiration deals with the exchange of
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gas between lungs and blood in pulmonary capillaries
blood gains 02, loses c02 |
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tissue respiration deals with the exchange of
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gas between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells
blood loses 02, gains c02 |
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2 types of inspiration
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air moving into lungs
quiet- just happens forced- deep breath when blowing out bday candles |
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inspiration
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air moves in and out of lungs
in- pressure inside lungs < pressure in atmosphere out- pressure in lungs> pressure in atmosphere |
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resting pressure
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when lung pressure equals atmosphere pressure
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a decrease in internal lung pressure, results in a ___ in lung size
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increase
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expiration results in a ____ in pressure gradient
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reversal
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normal expiration depends on 2 factors
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normal recoil of fibers that were stretched in inspriation
inward pull of surface tension due to film of alveolar fluid internal intercostals contract |
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expiration begins when
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inspiratory muscles relax
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emphysema problems include
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less gas exchange surface in alveoli
loss of lung elasticity |
