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180 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many bones make up the lower extremity?
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62
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Analogs:
Acetabulum Hipbone Femur Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges |
Analogs:
Glenoid fossa Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges |
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The pelvic girdle is formed by the fusion of what 3 bones?
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Ischium, ilium, pubis
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What part of the pelvic girdle articulates with the sacrum?
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Auricular surface
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The ischial spine separates what?
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The greater and lesser sciatic notch
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What's the body's largest foramen?
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Obuterator foramen
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What forms the anterior region of the pelvic girdle?
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The pubic tubercle
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Where do blood vessels enter and exit the pelvic girdle?
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Acetabular notch
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This separates the inferior and superior portions of the pelvis, and is the superior boundary of the pelvis
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Pelvic brim/inlet
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What is contained in the false pelvis?
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Bladder and uterus
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What does the femur articulate with?
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Hipbone, patella, tibia
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What is the fovea capitis?
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Femoral depression where the ligament of the head of the femur connects
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What does the tibia articulate with?
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Femur, fibula, talus
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What is the intercondylar eminence?
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Projection that separates the tibia's condyles.
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What is the function of the patella?
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Additional leverage for the quadriceps muscle
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What are the five major tarsal bones?
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Calcaneus, talsus, navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms
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What bones makes up the medial longitudinal arch?
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1st meta tarsal, 1st cuneiform, navicular, calcaneus
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What bones make up the lateral longitudinal arch?
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Calcaneus, cuboid, 5th metatarsal
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Where are the two sesmoid bones in the foot?
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Head of 1st metatarsal
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How many bones make up the upper extremity?
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64
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What two bones make up the pectoral girdle?
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Scapula and clavicle
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What does the clavicle attach to?
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Acromion and manubrium
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Between which two ribs does the scapula lie?
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2nd and 7th
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The clavicle bones have a concave and convex bend. Where are they located?
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Convex: medially
Concave: laterally |
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The humerus articulates with what?
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Scapula, ulna, radius
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Where do the rotator cuff muscle insert on the humerus?
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Greater and lesser tubercles
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What parts of the humerus articulate with the radius and ulna?
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Capitulum and trochlea
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Which two distal humerus landmarks are anterior? Posterior?
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Radial fossa + coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa |
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What does the radius articulate with?
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Capitulum of humerus, radial notch of ulna, distal end of ulna,
scaphoid, lunate |
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A Collie's fracture occurs where?
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Just above styloid process of radius
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What does the ulna articulate with?
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Distal end of radius, head of radius, trochlea of humerus.
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How many bones are in the wrist? Knuckles? Fingers?
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8, 5, 14
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What forms the carpal tunnel?
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Flexor retinaculum, pisiform, hamate, scaphoid, trapezium
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What forms the Tunnel of Gyon? What passes through it?
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Pisiform and hamate
Ulnar nerve |
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How many bones are in the skull?
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29
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How many bones are in the vertebral column?
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26 fused or 33 unfused
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How many bones are in the thorax?
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25
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The parietal bones form what? What may they contain?
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Greater portion of sides and roof of cranial cavity
Contain protrusions and depressions for blood vessels |
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What do the temporal bones form?
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Inferior lateral aspects of the cranium
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What are 3 temporal bone landmarks?
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External auditory meatus
Mandibular fossa Mastoid process |
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What does the frontal bone form?
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Forehead, roofs of orbits, anterior part of cranial floor
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What is the glabella?
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Flat anterior portion of cranium
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What are three landmarks of the frontal bone?
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Glabella
Supraorbital margin Superciliary arch |
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What does the occipital bone form?
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Posterior part and base of cranium
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What are 4 occipital bone landmarks?
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External occipital protuberance
Nuchal lines Condyles Foramen magnum |
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Where is the sphenoid bone and what does it form?
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Located in middle part of skull base
Keystone- articulates with all skull bones |
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What are 4 sphenoid bone landmarks?
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Greater/Lesser Wings
Body Sella Turcica |
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What is the sella turcica associated with?
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Sphenoid bone
Pituitary Gland Sinuses |
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Where is the ethmoid bone located?
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Midline in anterior part of cranial floor
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What is the ethmoid bone associated with?
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Cribiform plates
Crista galli Superior/Middle Nasal Conchae (turbinates) |
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What are the cribiform plates?
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Part of the ethmoid bone that contains the olfactory formen where the olfactory nerces pass through
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What is the crista galli?
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Part of the ethmoid bone that serves as a point of attachment for meninges
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What does the coronal suture unite?
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Frontal bone and two parietal bones
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What does the sagittal suture unite?
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Two parietal bones at the midline.
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What does the lambdoidal suture unite?
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Parietal and occipital bones
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What does the squamosal suture unite?
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Parietal and temporal bones
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Where is the bregma located?
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Anteriorally; later cross of sagittal and coronal suture
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Where is the lambda located?
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Posterially, cross sagittal and lambdoidal sutures.
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Where is the lacrimal bone located?
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(smallest bone); medial orbital wall
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What does the lacrimal bone contain?
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Lacrimal foramen, where tear duct passes through
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What does the zygomatic bone form?
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Cheeks and lateral wall of each orbit
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What do the maxillae bones form?
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Upper jawbone; articulate with every facial bone except mandible
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What is the palatine process?
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Part of maxillae bone that forms anterior 3/4 of hard palate
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What does the vomer form?
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Inferior and posterior part of nasal septum
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What is the mandible?
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Largest and strongest facial bone
Lower jawbone |
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What are the three ear ossicle bones (laterally to medially)
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Malleus- hammer
Incus- anvil Stapes - stirrup |
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What is the hyoid bone suspended from?
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Styloid process of temporal bone
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What is the function of the hyoid bone?
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Support tongue
Attachment site of neck and pharynx muscles |
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How many bones make up the sacrum?
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5 fused
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How many bones make up the coccyx?
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4 fused
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Kyphosis affects what portion of the vertebral column?
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Thoracic
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Lordosis affects what portion of the vertebral column?
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Lumbar
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What is a pedicle?
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Posterior vertebral arch process that unites with laminae
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The transverse process projects....
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laterally
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The internal portion of the intervertebral disk
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Nucleus pulposus
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The outer portion of the intervertebral disk
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Annulus fibrosis
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T/F The atlas has a spinous process and body
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FALSE
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Articulates with atlas
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Occipital condyles
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What is the dens?
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Process on axis that is a pivot point allowing head to rotate
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What is the vertebral prominens?
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C7 spinous process that is not birfurcated
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What do the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?
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Ribs
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What is the difference between the T1/T2 and T11/T12 spinous processes?
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Long, flat, inferior versus short, broad, and posterior
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What does the demifacet articulate with?
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Head of rib
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What does the facet articulate?
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Rib tubercles
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What is unique about the superior and inferior articular processes of the lumbar vertebrae?
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They project medially and laterally, not sup/inf
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What is the purpose of the sacrum?
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Strong foundation for pelvic girdle
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Sacrum alae
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Wings at the top of the sacrum
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Transverse ridges
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Where sacrum fuse
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Sacral tubercle
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Attachment site for ligaments of sacroilialic joint
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What does the superior articular processes of the sacrum articulate with?
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5th lumbar vert.
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Sacral foramina
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Exit point for spinal nerves
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Sacral hiatus
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Lamina of 5th sacral vertebrae do not meet
Exit point of nerves of tail end of spinal cord |
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Sacral promontory
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Where body sits on sacrum
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How many ribs are there?
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24 (2 sets of 12)
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What does the manubrium articulate with?
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Costal cartilage of ribs 1 and 2
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What are two manubrium landmarks?
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Jugular notch
Clavicular notch |
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What does the body of the sternum articulate with?
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Ribs 2-10
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Sternal angle
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Sternum body landmark, where manubrium joins body
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T/F The xyphoid process attches to ribs
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FALSE
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Articular system
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All joints of the body
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Functions of the urinary system
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Produce, store, eliminate urine
Regulate volume and chemical composition of blood Regulate fluid and electrolyte balance |
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Functions of endocrine system
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Regulate body activities with hormones
Transports chemicals in blood to various target organs |
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On the same side of body
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Ipsilateral
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On opposite side of body
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Contralateral
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Plane dividing body into Right and Left halves
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Sagittal plane
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Plane dividing body into Top and Bottom
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Transverse Plane
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Plane dividing body into Front and Back
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Frontal Plane
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Axis for Frontal Plane
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Antero-posterior axis
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Axis for Transverse Plane
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Longitudinal axis
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Axis for Sagittal Plane
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Transverse Axis
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Movements associated with the saggital plane
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Flexion/Extension
Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion |
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Movements associated with the transverse plane
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Horizontal abduction and adduction
Rotation Protraction/Retraction |
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Movements associated with the frontal plane
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Abduction and adduction
Inversion/Eversion |
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Protraction
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Horizontal forward movement
"Punch" |
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Retraction
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Horizontal backward movement
"Lawnmower" |
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Radial deviation
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Abduction
Movement away from body midline |
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Ulnar deviation
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Adduction
Movement toward body midline |
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Circumduction
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Combination of flexion/extension and abduction/adduction
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Abdominal cavity
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Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine
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Pelvic cavity
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Contains bladder, reproductive organs, parts of large intestine
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Right Upper Quadrant
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Liver
Gallbladder Ascending colon Right Kidney |
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Left Upper Quadrant
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Spleen
Stomach Descending colon Left Kidney Pancreas |
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Right Lower Quadrant
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Cecum
Appendix |
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Left Lower Quadrant
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Sigmoid colon
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Small, raised, rounded
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Tubercle
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Swelling, knob, rounded
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Protuberance
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Large, blunt, rounded
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Trochanter
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Large, rounded
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Tuberosity
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Hammerhead-like
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Malleolus
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Linear ridge
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Line/Ridge
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Large linear ridge
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Crest
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Sharp, slender
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Spinous process
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Pit-like
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Sinus
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Circumscribed, large or small
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Fossa
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Trough like
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Sulcus
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Long narrow opening
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Canal/Groove
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Bone hole
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Foramen
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Indentation at bone edge
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Notch
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Opening that does not go through structure
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Meatus
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Bone to bone contact areas
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Articular facets
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Seed shaped bones developing in tendons
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Sesamoid
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Innervated by dorsal scapular nerve
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Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor Levator Scapulae |
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Innervated by musculocutaneous nerve
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Coracobrachialis
Biceps Brachii Brachialis |
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Not part of the rotator cuff
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Teres Major
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Innervated by ulnar and median nerve
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Flexor digitorum profundus
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Arm muscles innervated by median nerve
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Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis |
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Which four muscles originate at the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
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Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus flexor digitorum suerpficialis |
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Where does the palmaris longus insert?
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Palmar aponeurosis
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Which muscles have two heads?
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Pronator teres
Flexor digitorum superficialis Biceps brachii |
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What is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundus?
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Proximal ulna
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What nerves innervate the medial and lateral half of the flexor digitorum profundus?
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Medial: Ulnar nerve
Lateral: Medial nerve |
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Where do the three tricpes brachii heads originate?
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Infraglenoid tubercle
Proximal posterior surface of humerus Post surface of distal humerus |
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What does the musculotaneous nerve innervate?
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Coracobrachialis
Brachialis Biceps brachii |
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Where do the long and short heads of the biceps brachii originate?
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Long: supraglenoid tubercle
Short: Coracoid process |
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Where does the biceps brachii insert?
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Radial tuberosity
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Where does the brachialis insert?
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Coronoid process of ulna
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Where does the teres major muscle insert and what innervates it?
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Inserts into the bicipital groove
Innvervated by the lower scapular nerve |
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What muscles provides external rotation of the arm?
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Infraspinatus
Teres minor |
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Where does the teres minor originate?
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Scapula axillary border
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Where does the serratus anterior insert?
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Anterior surface of scapula
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What nerve innervates the serratus anterior?
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Thoracic nerve
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What nerve innervates the subclavius muscle?
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C5 and C6
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What is the function of the serratus anterior?
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Protracts scapula
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What is the origin of the deltoid?
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Anterior: lateral third of clavicle
Medial: Acromion process Posterior: Scapula spine |
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What is the insertion of the deltoid?
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Deltoid tuberosity
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What is the function of the deltoid?
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Flexion, abduction, extension
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What nerve innervates the deltoid?
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Axillary nerve
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What are the origins of the trapezius?
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Superior nuchal line
External occipital protuberance Vertebral spinous processes |
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What are the insertions of the trapezius?
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Lateral clavicle
Acromion Medial scapular spine |
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What nerve innervates the trapezius?
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Acessory
(C3, C4, 11th cranial) |
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What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?
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Spinous processes t6-s5
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Where does the latissimus dorsi insert?
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Bicipital groove of humerus
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What three structures insert into bicipital groove of humerus?
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Lat. dorsi
Teres major Pectoralis major |
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What is the origin of the rhomboid major?
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T2-T5
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What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi?
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Thoracodorsal nerve
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What nerve innervates the rhomboid major?
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Dorsal scapular nerve
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What is the origin of the rhomboid minor?
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C7-T1
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What nerve innervates rhomboid minor?
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Dorsal scapular nerve
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What is the origin of the levator scapulae?
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Transverse processes of C1-C4
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What nerve innervates the levator scapula?
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Dorsal scapular nerve
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