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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is Henry's law?
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gases diffuse from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure
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what is diffusion rate dependent on?
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pressure differential and the solubility of gas in the fluid
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what are partial pressure of CO2 and O2 in lungs and tissues
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PO2 = 159.1 mmHg
PCO2 = 0.2 mmg |
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what is BTPS and what is ATPS?
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body temperature, ambient pressure, saturated - volume exhaled
ambient temperature, ambient pressure, ambient water - volume inhaled |
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how is the low oxygen solubility made up for?
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short diffusion distance and hemoglobin - bind according to its partial pressure
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what are the two mechanisms that exist for oxygen transport
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dissolved in plasma and combined with hemoglobin
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how much oxygen can be carried by hemoglobin
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each of the 4 iron atom combines with with oxygen molecule, each gram of Hb combines with 1.34mL oxygen
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how much oxygen is dissolved and what does it do?
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for each 1mmHg increase, 0.003 mL oxygen dissolves into plasma, which results in 3mL of oxygen/L of blood
establishes the PO2 to regulate breathing and determine loading of hemoglobin |
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how does training affect BV, Hb, and Hct
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plasma and total blood volume increase as much or more than total Hb content
hematocrit values are significantly lower in acclimatized endurance athletes which lieads to a misdiagnosis of athlete anemia if plasma volume is not measured |
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what occurs in pulmonary diffusion and what is it dependent on?
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alveolar gas exchange - CO2 into lungs, oxygen into blood
dependent on pressure differences, solubility CO2 has a much smaller pressure gradient yet has a much greater membrane solubility (25x) |
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what is the bohr effect and what is it caused by (4)?
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decreased affinity of Hb for oxygen that happens during exercise - shift down and to the right of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
1.increased PCO2 2.Increased temp 3.Increased 2,3-DPG 4.Decreased pH |
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what is the haldane effect?
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Hb interaction with oxygen reduces its ability to combine with CO2 - aids in releaseding CO2 into the lungs
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what is 2,3-DPG?
when does it increase? what does it do? |
byproduct of glycolysis in RBCs
increase with intense exercise and may increase due to training helps deliver oxygen to tissues |
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what does the a-v oxygen difference represent and by how much does it increase during exercise?
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it shows the amount of oxygen extracted by tissues
increases by up to 3x resting value |
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what are the 3 mechanisms for CO2 transport
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bound to Hb - 23%
dissolved in plasma - 5-7% plasma bicarbonate - 70% |
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describe how carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate
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combines with water in erythrocyte to form carbonic acid
carbonic acid ionizes into HCO3- and H+ spontaneously sodium bicarbonate formed goes into plasma by exchange with Cl where it can buffer pH |
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how is carbon dioxide transported as carbamino compounds?
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some entering erythrocyte directly react with hemoglobin to for carbaminohemoglobin
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