Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what takes place in mitochondria?
|
oxidation
almost all oxygen is consumed there and almost all phosphorylation of ADP to ATP |
|
|
where do mitochondria exist
|
sub-sarcolemmal - provide energy to maintain cell membrane processes
Intermyofibrillar - play a major role in maintaining ATP for contraction |
|
|
what is the general structure of mitochondira
|
outer membrane, intermembrane spaces, inner membrane, cristae, matrix
|
|
|
function of outer membrane?
|
barrier that contains transport mechanisms
|
|
|
function of intermembrane spaces?
|
contains enzymes for exchange and transport
|
|
|
function of cristae?
|
where oxidative phosphorylation takes place
|
|
|
function of matrix?
|
contains LDH and kreb's cycle enzymes
|
|
|
what is the role of PDH?
|
it regulates glycolytic flux into mitchondria (TCA cycle)
converts pyruvate to Acetyl - CoA |
|
|
what is the main purpose of the Krebs cycle and what is the rate limiting factor?
|
the main purpose is decarboxylation (CO2 formation), ATP formation, and most importantly NADH production, one FADH is also produced
isocitrate is rate limiting |
|
|
what stimulates dehydrogenase enzymes of the TCA?
|
calcium from contraction that is taken up by mitochondria and a decline in redox potential
|
|
|
what are the two steps of processes of oxidative phosphorylation?
|
1. stripping the electron from the reducing equivalents of NADH and FADH
2. the chemical and osmotic potential created by this supplies the energy for phosphorylation which results in ATP and H2O formation |
|
|
what regulates the ETC?
|
adenylate energy charge - regulates glycolysis and krebs cycle
ATP inhibits and ADP stimulates |
|
|
what is the creatine phosphate shuttle?
|
buffers ATP degradation which results in ATP and creatine formation
creatine is rephosphorylated by mitochondrial creatine kinase which results in ADP formation which stimulates ATP formation and oxygen consumption |
|
|
how much ATP is formed from glucose oxidation?
|
anaerobic conditions - 2 ATP
aerobic conditions - 2 ATP and 2 NADH shuttled to mitochondria net 4-6 ATP 2 3-C skeletons in TCA cycle at 15 ATP per round therefore net 36-38 ATP/glucose molecule only 3 ATP if it arises from glycogen |
|
|
what are the effects of training on skeletal muslce mitochondria?
|
trained muscle has more mitochondrial material which allows a given rate of mitochondrial O2 consumption at a higher ATP/ADP therefore downregulates glycolysis and increases lipid oxidation
|
