(Part 1) - Exam Preparation For Spectacle Dispensers (Home Study Course) ~ Anatomy & Physiology ~

Front 1

Who prepared your examine book?

Back 1

Optical Training Institute

Hint 1

O.T.I

Front 2

What test is this book preparing you for?

Back 2

National Optometry Competency Exam

Hint 2

N.O.C.E

Front 3

Who administers the National Optometry Competency Exam?

Back 3

American Board of Optometry

Hint 3

A.B.O

Front 4

How many questions are to be expected on the ABO exam?

Back 4

125 (give or take)

Hint 4

Triple Digits

Front 5

How much time do you have to take the ABO exam?

Back 5

2.5 hours

Hint 5

Length of "The Dark Knight" (2008)

Front 6

Label each part of the eye.

Back 6

1.) Ciliary Body2.) Crystalline Lens3.) Cornea4.) Pupil5.) Iris6.) Aqueous Chamber (Anterior Chamber)7.) Canal Of Schlemm8.) Suspensory Ligaments9.) Macula10.) Vitreous Humor11.) Aqueous Humor (Posterior Chamber)12.) Sclera13.) Choroid14.) Retina15.) Fove Centralis16.) Optic Nerve

Front 7

Which two Retiba in the eye work together to focus light?

Back 7

Cornea / Crystalline Lens

Hint 7

The Retina is like the film of a camera.

Front 8

What is the average refractive power of the average Cornea?

Back 8

43 Diopters

Hint 8

What numbered Pokemon is Oddish?

Front 9

What is the refractive power of the average Crystalline Lens?

Back 9

17 Diopters

Hint 9

What number Pokemon is Pigeotto?

Front 10

What is the total refractive power of the average Cornea and Crystalline Lens combined?

Back 10

60 Diopters

Hint 10

What number Pokemon is Poliwag?

Front 11

What layers of the eye does light pass through?

Back 11

Tear Layer, Cornea, Aqueous Humor, Crystalline Lens

Hint 11

Has 4 layers; like a good lasagna!

Front 12

TRUE or FALSE: There are blood vessels within the 4 layers that light must pass through in the eye.

Back 12

FALSE; all of those layers are transparent and do not contain blood vessels.

Front 13

The Crystalline Lens and the ability of the Retina help do what?

Back 13

Adjust its sensitivity to light under variable conditions.

Hint 13

The Wonder Twins certainly knew co.bined their powers too!

Front 14

The eye can be separated into 3 chambers; what are they?

Back 14

Anterior Chamber, Posterior Chamber, and Vitreous Chamber

Hint 14

V.A.P

Front 15

What is the Posterior Chamber?

Back 15

The space between the Iris and the Lens

Hint 15

The treasure room in the Cave Of Wonders from Aladdin.

Front 16

What is the Anterior Chamber?

Back 16

The space between the back of the Cornea and the Iris.

Hint 16

The entrance to The Cave Of Wonders in Aladdin

Front 17

What is the Vitreous Chamber?

Back 17

The largest space between the Lens and the Retina

Hint 17

The chamber of the Magic Lamp in The Cave Of Wonders from Aladdin.

Front 18

Label the layers of the Cornea.

Back 18

1.) Epthelium

2.) Bowman's Membrane

3.) Stroma

4.) Descemet's Membrane

5.) Endothelium

Front 19

The Corneal Epithelium is highly ____________. Cells produce so rapidly that a mild scratch or abrasion can heal itself in __ hours.

Back 19

Regenerative / 24

Hint 19

The Hydra from Hercules

Front 20

The Cornea is about ___ mm thick at its center with the ______ comprising __ % of total thickness.

Back 20

0.5 / Stroma / 90

Front 21

Each ______ contains about 120 million ____ and 6 million _____.

Back 21

Retina / Rods / Cones

Hint 21

Front 22

Oh no! The qualities of Cones and Rods got mixed up! Put them back where they belong. (Order is not needed)

Back 22

Cones - Day Vision, Detail, Color

Rods - Night V, Peripheral V, Black & White

Hint 22

Day Man & Night Man from "It's Always Sunny In Philadelphia"

Front 23

The greatest density of cones can be found in the _____.

Back 23

Fovea

Front 24

Outwardly from the Fovea, the population of Cones gradually _________ while the population of Rods _________.

Back 24

Decreases / Increases

Front 25

This is a diagram of the index refraction of the various transparent structures of the eye. What are each part's values?

Back 25

Aqueous Humor - 1.33

Vitreous Humor - 1.33

Cornea - 1.37

Crystalline Lens - 1.42

Hint 25

Both humors have the same value.

Front 26

This is a top-down view of the visual pathway. Label their parts.

Back 26

1.) Optic Chiasm

2.) Geniculate Body 3.) Visual Cortex

3.) Visual Cortex

Front 27

Which tunic fits each description?

Back 27

Fibrous Tunic, Vascular Tunic, Neural Tunic.

Front 28

The Fibrous Tunic is the _______________. Consists of the _____ and ______.

Back 28

Outer protective coat of the eye / Cornea / Sclera

Hint 28

Kokiri Tunic - Zelda

Front 29

The Vascular Tunic is _______________. It consists of three parts. The ____, ___________, and the _______.

Back 29

Also known as the Uveal Tract.

Iris / Ciliary Body / Choroid

Hint 29

Zora Tunic - Zelda

Front 30

The Neural Tunic consists of the ______.

Back 30

Retina

Hint 30

Goron Tunic - Zelda

Front 31

What is also known as the Uveal Tract?

Back 31

Fibrous Tunic

Hint 31

Kokiri Tunic - Zelda

Front 32

What consists of the Iris, Ciliary Body, and the Choroid?

Back 32

Vascular Tunic

Hint 32

Zora Tunic - Zelda

Front 33

What consists of the Retina?

Back 33

Neural Tunic

Hint 33

Goron Tunic - Zelda

Front 34

Describe what a Tunic is.

Back 34

Certain structures of the eye that are grouped together.

Hint 34

What does each Zelda tunic represent?

Front 35

During accommodation, the eye adjusts for what? How is it accomplished?

Back 35

Viewing objects at various distances.

When the Crystalline Lens changes shape through the action of the Ciliary Muscle.

Hint 35

Think Squid Game ... but no ones dies.

Front 36

Convergance and the constricting of pupils are closely associated with what?

Back 36

Accommodation

Front 37

Explain each step in the process of Accommodation?

Back 37

1.) The Ciliary Muscle relaxes allowing for a thickening of the Crystalline Lens.

2.) The eyes converge

3.) The pupils constrict

Front 38

Measuring for PDs can get jumbled; where does each label go?

Back 38

Distance PD: Subtract For Near:

Less than 62 mm 2 mm

62 - 66 mm 3 mm

More than 66 mm 4 mm

Front 39

When the eye converges when viewing an object at a near distance, the pupillary distance for __________ is narrower than that for _______________.

Back 39

Near Vision / Distance Viewing

Front 40

Eyes with _____ distance PDs will converge more for reading than those with _________ distance PDs.

Back 40

Wider / Narrower

Hint 40

It is a general "rule of thumb".

Front 41

Define Phoria.

Back 41

A constant tendency for the eyes to turn from the normal position for binocular vision.

Front 42

Define Tropia.

Back 42

A definite and obvious turning of the eye from the normal position for binocular vision.

Front 43

This is a diagram of the Extra-Ocular Muscles; label them!

Back 43

1.) Superior Oblique

2.) Superior Rectus

3.) External Rectus

4.) Internal Rectus

5.) Inferior Rectus

6.) Inferior Oblique

Front 44

How many extra-ocular muscles are there?

Back 44

6.

Front 45

Double Vision, otherwise known as ________, is when one or more of the ___________ are stronger / weaker than normal causing the eyes not to move in unison.

Back 45

Diplopia / Extra-Ocular Muscles

Front 46

What in a prescription can help alleviate Diplopia (double vision)?

Back 46

Prism

Hint 46

Front 47

What form of vision is this?

Back 47

Emmetropia

Hint 47

Think Legally Blonde - The Musical. What character is this?

Front 48

What form of Ametropia is this?

Back 48

Myopia

Hint 48

What line of Barbie dolls is this?

Front 49

What form of Ametropia is this?

Back 49

Hyperopia

Hint 49

Think of Star Power from Super Mario.

Front 50

Emmetropia is...

Back 50

When light comes to focus firectly on the Retina when Accommodation is relaxed.

Hint 50

No corrective action is needed for distance viewing.

Front 51

Myopia is...

Back 51

A form of Ametropia. It is "nearsightedness". Light comes to focus in front of the Retina requiring a corrective lens.

Front 52

Hyperopia is...

Back 52

A form of Ametropia. It is "Farsightedness". Light comes to focus behind the Retina often requiring corrective lenses.

Front 53

What is it called when a distant object is one which is 20 feet or more from the eye?

Back 53

Optical Infinity

Front 54

In order to achieve sharp vision under all lighting conditions, the slightest refractive error needs to be corrected in what type of vision?

Back 54

Myopia

Front 55

This type of vision can be helped with a mild correction may be capable of bringing light to focus on the Retina without glasses or contact lenses.

Back 55

Hyperopia

Front 56

What type of Astigmatism is this?

Back 56

Simple Myopic

Front 57

What type of Astigmatism is this?

Back 57

Simple Hyperopic

Front 58

What type of Astigmatism is this?

Back 58

Compound Myopic

Front 59

What type of Astigmatism is this?

Back 59

Compound Hyperopic

Front 60

What type of Astigmatism is this?

Back 60

Mixed

Front 61

What is a Simple Myopic Astigmatism?

Back 61

One point comes to focus on the Retina and one point comes to focus in front of the Retina.

Hint 61

Just A ______ Sponge - Spongebob Squarepants : The Musical

Front 62

What is a Simple Hyperopic Astigmatisn?

Back 62

One point comes to focus on the Retina and one point comes to focus behind the Retina.

Hint 62

Paper Mario

Front 63

What is a Compound Myopic Astigmatism?

Back 63

Both points of light come to focus in front of the Retina.

Hint 63

THE SECRET FORMULA

Front 64

What is a Compound Hyperopic Astigmatism?

Back 64

Both points of light come to focus behind the Retina.

Hint 64

A lot to digest in this film...

Front 65

What is a Mixed Astigmatism?

Back 65

One point of light comes to focus in front of the Retina, while the othet comes to focus behind the Retina.

Hint 65