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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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social stratification |
EVERY society there is a hierarchy of some kind ranking of layering |
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closed ranking system |
no social mobility "Where you are born is where you stay" ex. varna caste system |
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open ranking system |
has social mobility a person can go up or down the social heirarchy ex. us lower upper and middle class |
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ascribed status |
status given to you race, caste, gender |
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achieved status |
status worked for and achieved doctor or A-student |
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master status |
status that we are most known by, usually job ex. Brad Pitt- actor |
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Role of a status |
character role in the "status" you have |
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role exit |
go from one status to another every exit is marked by some event that shows |
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Arnold Van Gennep |
idea of role strain and role conflict |
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Role Seperation |
time period of separation between roles limbo period ex. engagement ex.day after finals |
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Role Transition |
actual event period filled with perceived\real danger ex wedding, labor, graduation, quinceuera |
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New role introduction |
indroduction of new role "Pronounce husband and wife" |
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Role strain |
(1 status) every single status has more than one role friction between those roles in one status ex. discipline vs comfort |
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Role Conflict |
(2 seperate status) 1 person, 2 status ex. mom vs. teacher work vs. school |
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who is Cesare Lombroso |
1876 Italian doctor worked in a prison |
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Erving Goffman |
Says there is no reality "We all as a part of society are actors. All playing a role." with props and costumes to help us get into role |
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Dramaturgical analysis |
how society acts as actors on a stage |
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Losing Face |
fall out of character something happens that "trips" us up |
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saving face |
helping you save face. ignoring a malfunction to help keep you in character |
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deviance |
going against the social norm deviate from the beaten path can be good or bad deviant behavior is a cancer to society the only way change comes about |
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Formal social controls |
written rules of behavior ex. stop sign, ten commandments, constitution law enforcement, God, judicial system |
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Informal Social Controls |
unwritten rules of behavior manors chew with mouth closed we follow these so we dont suffer consiquences ex. society enforces shuns embarrasement, gossip |
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4 things less likely to be deviant |
1. Attachment 2. Opportunity 3. involvement 4. Belief |
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attachment |
more social attachment- less deviant more friends and family not want to disapoint, responsibilities, not want dissapoint |
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opportunity |
more education, jobs |
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involvement |
positive involvement keep out of trouble\ less time to become deviant "Idle hands are the devil's workshop" |
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belief |
more spiritual, more standards reward afterlife nothing to live for |
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what did cesare lombroso do |
attempt a physical profile of deviance when you see them get out of system people who look less evolved are more to become deviant |
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physical characteristics of deviance |
execive hair protruding ears massive jaws large forehead arms longer than average heavier brow ridge -look less evolved |
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Influenced lombroso |
Darwin;s origin of the species evolution |
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William Sheldon |
discovered how other people percieve body structure creates deviance act out because other people treat wrongly |
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took grouping of 200 boys and found correlation |
william shaldon cross checked results and found tall, lean, slinky were less likely than stalky, shorter, average boys taller boys got more affection and discipline because they looked younger |
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2003 university of wisconsin |
studied genetics 400 boys for 20 yrs deviant boys had a certain gene coorelation |
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emile durkheim |
deviance is in ever single society from the beginning of time |
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Why deviant behavior exists? |
Emile Durkheim 1. It affirms the social norms of the society 2. It clarifies the boundaries of those social norms 3. Brings communities together 4. Only through deviant behavior that social change can happen |
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Deviant affirms social norms of society |
-what is appropriate or innapropriate -how do you know what day is without night -If you dont have deviance you wont know normal |
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Clarifies the boundariesof those social norms |
-how far you can push those boundaries -through observation as well ex. 2 kids, 1 gets away and other doesnt |
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Brings community together |
brings deviants together, or fight against deviance sense of community ex.manson + "The Family" ex.9-11 |
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Social Change |
Rosa Parks bus Madonna |
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Robert Merton |
Strain Theory |
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Strain Theory |
in every society there is an agreed upon idea of what success is (money) and there is an agreed upon idea of how to properly achieve that success (hard work) -always those who feel they are unable to achieve that success through proper way causes them to act out deviantly to achieve success. |
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4 types of strain theory |
1. Innovation 2. Ritualism 3. Retreatism 4.Rebellion |
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Innovation strain theory |
agrees with success, but doesnt feel they can properly achieve it ex. drug dealers, scam artists, gamblers, thieves, wellfare "Get Rich Quick" |
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Ritualism strain theory |
Same thing everyday wants success but doesnt believe they can achieve it never seek advancement or change |
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Retreatisn strain theory |
believe in success and work but they say "Forget it!" give up |
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Rebellion strain theory |
understands success and achievement but doesnt believe it. come up with own definition of success ex. serving God. ex. climbing mt everest |
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Religion |
Having faith belief in something that is not provable The basis on which an individual makes decisions |
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Earliest evidence of religion 3 |
1. Paleolithic Burials 2. Paleolithic Cave Dwellings 3.Neolithic Venus Figurines |
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Burials |
Paleolithic - ealiest evidence of belief "something" after death, body lying around makes others sick must pay respects and bury the dead to rid of disease (evil spirts) |
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Cave Drawings |
Paleolithic- in France in cramped places in caves, secretive. not for viewing of the public (form of sympathetic/imitative magic) |
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Sympathetic/Imitative Magic |
make something to represent reality. Whatever happens to something will happen in reality ex. rain dance, voodoo dolls |
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Venus Figurines |
neleolithic- small clay dolls, faceless women to represent pregnancy fertility idols beginning of mother earth |
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God Gene |
dominant gene people more likely to have some kind of belief system easier ability to have belief more likely to hope/cope with world less likely to commit suicide |
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Religion - survival mechanism |
religion helps people to continue to survive "hope" "god gene" |
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labeling theory |
no behavior is deviant it's only deviant when someone calls it out ex. everyone at a party... normal ex. pastor at party... deviant |
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Primary Deviance |
someone is doing something and it raises the societal eyebrow receive slight warning "Hmmmm?" |
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Secondary Deviance |
ignores the warnings from the primary act continue with deviance society sends stronger signals "rumors" |
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Stigma |
Ignores further warnings and recieves a permanent label very dangerous "alcoholic" |
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Retrospective Labeling |
judging someones past based on current stigma |
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projective labeling |
judging any further behaviors based on stigma ex. liar always a liar |
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Reasons for religion |
1. Adaptive Mechanism 2. Social Control 3. It's real 4. All 3 things are correct |
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religion- adaptive mechanism |
anthropological term any kind of belief, practice, technology to help people/culture to survive -God Gene -Tsembega "red spirits" -boogie man |
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religion- social control |
helps control society. Marx |
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religion- it's real |
teliological argumnt- within creation, evidence of a creator/intelligent designer w/out creator we wouldnt have laws, 4 seasons, exact tilt, sun, moon Voltaire- enlightenment period-watchmaker... see a watch on a beach, you obviously assume someone made it, not random act |
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Edward Tylor |
father of anthropology Theory of evolution of religion 8 points |
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Theory of evolution of religion 1 |
1. At the beginning people had a sense of MANA -sense of supernatural (May the force be with you) |
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evolution of religion 2 |
edward tylor with mana began to have DREAMS OF THE DEAD -believed dead was communicating in dreams. Some scary dreams. can be harmful or helpful |
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evolution religion 3 |
dreams of dead can be harmful or helpful so people began ANCESTOR VENERATION -1st form of religion- pay respect to honor the dead belief that everyone has a soul, that;s why came to them in dreams |
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evolution religion 4 |
after everyone had souls, the belief in ANIMISM -belief that everything has a soul, rocks, animals, streams |
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evolution religion 5 |
not satisfied with everything having just a soul so began to ANTHROPOMORPHISE -give all the objects human characteristics and a story to everything |
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evolution religion 6 |
POLYTHEISM -all of the souls became Gods also when civilizationstarted become a heirarchy |
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evolution religion 7 |
PANTHEON -as heirarchy of gods and godesses as govt |
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evolution religion 8 |
state continue to develop MONOTHEISM -belief in one God, one supreme ruler like govt. |
