Exam 2: Chapters 4-6

Front 1

Microsociology

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Back 1

Focuses on social interaction.

Front 2

Macrosociology

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Back 2

Focuses on the broad features of sociology.

Front 3

Functionalists

Back 3

Macrosociology

Front 4

Conflict Theorists

Back 4

Macrosociology

Front 5

Symbolic Interactionists

Back 5

Microsociology

Front 6

How does social structure guide our behavior?

Back 6

It makes us act a certain way.

Front 7

6 Aspects of Social Structure:

Back 7

1. Culture - Group's language, beliefs, values, etc.

2. Social Class - Based on income, education, occupation

3. Social Status - The position someone occupies.

4. Roles - Behaviors, obligations, privileges with status.

5. Groups - People who interact & feel their norms, values, and interests are important.

6. Social Institutions - Organized, usual, or standard way a society meets its needs.

Front 8

One occupies a status but plays a role.

True or False

Back 8

True

Front 9

What is a status set?

Back 9

All the statuses a person has.

Front 10

Ascribed Status

Back 10

The status a person is born into.

Front 11

Achieved Status

Back 11

The status a person achieves.

Front 12

Status Symbol

Back 12

Signs that identify a status.

Front 13

Status Inconsistency

Back 13

Discrepancy of status.

Front 14

Five Functional Requisites for Survival in Society

Back 14

1. Replacing Members

2. Socializing New Members

3. Producing / Distributing Goods and Services

4. Preserving Order

5. Providing a Sense of Purpose

Front 15

Conflict v. Functionalist on Social Institutions

Back 15

Both agree they were originally designed to meet basic survival needs.

Conflict theorists do not think they work for the common good.

Front 16

Social Integration

WHO?

Back 16

Members united by shared values and other bonds.

Emile Durkheim

Front 17

Mechanical Solidarity

Back 17

Shared view of life resulting form performing similar tasks.

Front 18

Organic Solidarity

Back 18

Interdependence from division of labor.

Front 19

Gemeinshaft

Who?

Back 19

Intimate community

Ferdinand Tonnies

Front 20

Gesellschaft

Back 20

Impersonal association

Front 21

Intimate Space

Back 21

Body to 18"

Front 22

Personal Space

Back 22

18" to 4'

Front 23

Social Space

Back 23

4' to 12'

Front 24

Public Space

Back 24

Beyond 12'

Front 25

Front stage

Back 25

Where people perform their roles.

Front 26

Back Stage

Back 26

Where people can retreat and relax.

Front 27

Role Conflict

Back 27

When a person's role's expectations conflict.

Front 28

Role Strain

Back 28

Same status holds incompatible roles.

Front 29

Sign - Vehicle

Back 29

How people use social setting, appearance, and manner to communicate info about the self.

Front 30

Groups

Back 30

People who interact with one another

Front 31

Aggregate

Back 31

People sharing the same physical space

Front 32

Category

Back 32

Statistic, people who share certain characteristics

Front 33

Primary Group

Back 33

Family and friends.

Front 34

Secondary Group

Back 34

Larger, more anonymous groups.

They tend to break into primary groups.

Front 35

Voluntary Association

Back 35

Groups of volunteers organized on the basis of some mutual interest.

Front 36

Law of Oligarchy

Back 36

Organizations tend to become dominated by a self-perpetuallating elite.

Front 37

In-Group

Back 37

Groups people feel loyal to.

Front 38

Out-Group

Back 38

Groups people don't like.

Front 39

Reference Group

Back 39

Groups referred to during evaluation.

Front 40

Social Network

Back 40

People linked to one another.

Front 41

Clique

Back 41

Clutters within a group.

Front 42

Who's credited with the "6* of separation?

Back 42

Stanley Milgram

Front 43

Three Primary Social Barriers

Back 43

Social class, race / ethnicity, gender

Front 44

Bureaucracy

Back 44

Formal organization.

Front 45

Identities

Back 45

Hierarchy of authority, clear division of labor, written rules, written communication and records, impersonality and replaceability.

Front 46

McDonaldization of Society

Back 46

Standardization of life.

Front 47

Alienation

Back 47

Workers lack of connection to their product of labor.

Front 48

Self-Fulfilling Stereotypes

Back 48

Preconceived ideas about what someone will look or act like - person begins to meet this expectation.

Front 49

Maximum Security Society

Back 49

Where almost all aspects of life are monitored or recorded.

Front 50

Cyberslacking

Back 50

Using work computers or personal use.

Front 51

Cybersluths

Back 51

Using software; these people can recover notes, emails, websites that are listed.

Front 52

Coalition

Back 52

Two group members VS. one

Front 53

Diffusion of Responsibility

Back 53

Giving help is no more one person's responsibility than another.

Front 54

Instrumental Leader

Back 54

Task oriented, creates friction.

Front 55

Expressive Leader

Back 55

Lifts morale, more popular.

Front 56

Authoritarian Leader

Back 56

One who gives orders

Front 57

Democratic Leader

Back 57

Gains Consensus

Front 58

Laissez-Faire Leader

Back 58

Highly permissive

Front 59

Asche Experiment

Back 59

Power of the Group

Front 60

Milgrim Experiment

Back 60

Power of Authority

Front 61

Deviance

Does it differ from crime?

Back 61

Any violation of norms.

Yes, deviance is nonjudgmental.

Front 62

Stigma

Back 62

Characteristics that discredit people.

Front 63

Norms mace social life possibly by_______________

__________.

Back 63

Making behavior predictable

Front 64

Negative Sanctions

Back 64

Expressions of disapproval for deviance, ranges from frowns to death.

Front 65

Positive Sanctions

Back 65

Reward people for conforming to norms with grades, raises, etc.

Front 66

Genetic Predisposition

Back 66

Inborn tendencies thought to lead people to deviance.

Front 67

Street Crime

Back 67

mugging, rape, robbery

Front 68

White Collar Crime

Back 68

bank Fraud, blackmail, counterfeiting

Front 69

Which gender is more likely to commit crime?

Is this the same for all cultures?

Back 69

Male

No.

Front 70

What is a personality disorder related to deviance?

Back 70

Deviance is not related with any one particular personality.

Front 71

Differential Association

Who?

Back 71

People who associate with some groups learn an "excess of definitions" of deviance.

Edward Sutherland

Front 72

Shape of the self?

Back 72

Joining one group instead of another.

Front 73

Control Theory

Back 73

The idea that two control systems work agains our tendency to deviate from norms.

Front 74

Inner Controls

Back 74

Internalized morality

Front 75

Outer Controls

Back 75

Influences that keep us from deviating

(this is most about SELF-CONTROL)

Front 76

Attachments

Back 76

Affection/Respect to those who don't deviate

Front 77

Commitments

Back 77

Stakes a person doesn't want to lose.

Front 78

Involvements

Back 78

Participating in approved activities.

Front 79

Beliefs

Back 79

Convictions that certain actions are wrong.

Front 80

Labeling Theory

Back 80

The view that the labels people are given, affect their own and others' perceptions of them, thus channeling their behavior into either deviance or conformity.

Front 81

Five Techniques of Neutralizing

Back 81

1. Denial of Responsibility

2. Denial of Injury

3. Denial of Victim

4. Condemnation of the Condemners

5. Appeal to Higher Loyalties

Front 82

Labels

Back 82

Ex. Cheat, pervert, outlaw biker, whore

Front 83

Durkheim's View on Crime

Back 83

It is functional for society

Front 84

Three Ways Deviance Contributes to Social Order

Back 84

1. Deviance clarifies moral boundaries & affirms norms

2. Deviance encourages social unity

3. Deviance promotes social change

Front 85

Strain Theory

Who?

Back 85

When a society socializes a large number of people to desire a cultural goal but withholds some of the approved means for reaching that goal.

Robert Morton

Front 86

Cultural Goals

Back 86

Objectives the society wants to achieve.

Front 87

Institutionalized Means

Back 87

Approved means to reach goals

Front 88

Anomie

Back 88

Sense of normlessness

Front 89

Four Common Deviant Paths

Back 89

1. Innovators

2. Ritualists

3. Retreatilists

4. Rebels

Front 90

WC Crime

Back 90

High up people commit crime at work.

Front 91

Corporate Crime

Back 91

Crime benefitting a corporation

Front 92

What groups suffer more penalties under the CJS?

Back 92

Crime