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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary and Secondary Emotions
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Primary: Emotions that are considered to be universal
Secondary: Emotions that are specific to certain cultures |
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The Autonomic Nervous System
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Sympathetic: (action) (heart pumping) (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic: make us calm |
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Mirror Neurons
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Brain cells are fired when a person or animal observes others carrying out an action; they are involved in empathy, and reading emotions (gorilla and man)
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Epinephrine and norepinephrine
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When under stress or feeling an intense emotion, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system spurs the adrenal glands to send out this.
Epinephrine: provides energy of an emotion, that 'tingle' of excitement Norepinephrine: |
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EMG Electromyograph (test)
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facial reactions, you can tell
Electrodes placed on face record various muscles. Positives emotions increase activity in cheeks Negative emotions increase activity in forehead and brow area |
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Counterfactual Thinking
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'what could have been'
(olympic winners) (flight missed by three seconds or three hours) |
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Display rules
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social and cultural rules that regulate when, how and where a person may express or supress emotions
(chineese wedding) german interview) |
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emotion work
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expression of emotion, even if a person doesnt really feel that emotion... its just socially expectable
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Sensory Feedback and Facial Feedback
(mood after manipulation) |
Sensory Feedback :
Facial-Feedback hypothesis, changes in facial expression can produce corrresponding changes in emotion to others and self Facial Feedback: hold pencil inmouth while doing task-- mimic frowning or smiling-- measure mood after |
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Emotion
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A state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action
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Emotional Leakage
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communicative incidents where the nonverbal signals betray the true content of the message
Gaze; ; look at partner in face, less--neg more-- pos Gesture self touching actions--indicate intense emotion touch; affection, love, fear, but also power and status |
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The nature-nurture debate
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The over the extent to which behavior is determined by genetics and the environment
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Genetics building blocks
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CELLS contain a NUCLEUS which contains CHROMOSOMES which contains DNA which contains GENES which specify how various proteins are built
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Chromosomes
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Rod-like structures, found in all biological cells, that contain DNA molecules
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DNA (deoxiryboneucleic acid)
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The complex molecular structure that contains genetic information
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Genes
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The biochemical units of heredity that govern the development of an individual life
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Heritability
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Some traits that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group
(flute playing) |
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Power Assertion
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A method of child rearing in which the parent uses punishment and authority to correct the child's misbehavior
"do it because i said so!" |
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Induction
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A method of child rearing in which the parent appeals to the child's own abilities, sense of responsibility, and feelings for others in correcting the child's misbehavior.
"you made doug cry, its not nice to bite" "Be nice or your wont get your dessert" |
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Gender typing
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the process of socializing their children into their gender role.. interests, beliefs, traits, behaviors
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Mood Congruency Bias
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test: half found money in xerox machine... when asked they said they feel happier in life.
your mood can directly influence the way you see the world |
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Heuristic
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A mental shortcut that allows people to make judgments and solve problems quickly. they can lead to biases..
Athletes tend to be unintelligent and cheat (stereotype) |
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Habituation
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Can the fetus learn?
If you live near RR tracks you jump when a train comes the first time but after that you don't acknowledged it--its called learning The fetus can learn. |
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Teratogens
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When the environment hurts (the fetus)
Substances: Alcohol, Cigarettes Diseases: AIDS, Rebulla (german measles) Mom's Stress level: results in babies with attention difficulties, anxiety, unusual social behavior, Why? Flight or Flight response draws blood away from fetus. |
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Palmer Grasp, Babinski, Sucking, Rooting
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Palmer Grasp: by pressing just one of the babies palms, fingers should grasp the object.
Babinski: babies foot is stroked from heel towards toes. The big toe should lift up, while the others fan out. Sucking: A finger or nipple placed in babies mouth will elicit rhythmic sucking. Rooting: When babies cheek is stroked at the corner |
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Temperment
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Characteristic ways of responding to the environment that vary form infant to infant
(difficult, other, easy, slow to warm up) Some babies "approach" and some 'avoid" Fast prenatel heart beat- more fearful as kid Extravasion-- very strong component to how social we are (highly heritable) Happiness "good disposition" tends to last a lifetime |
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Assimilation
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Fitting new objects events ect. into excising schema
From preschool through about 5th grade, children gradually ASSIMILATE and then accommodate the "spherical-earth concept into their thinking" Piagets theory |
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Accommodation
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Modifying a schema to fit new events, objects, ect
From preschool through about 5th grade, children gradually assimilate and then ACCOMMODATE the "spherical-earth concept into their thinking" Piagets theory |
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Primary Drives Theory
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Attachment (in infants) to whomever resualts from associating the satisfaction of primary drives with being who satisfies them.
you hungry and someone feeds you (social development) Harlow's Study Despite the wire surrogate being a source of food, the infant monkeys attached to the cloth surrogate mother |
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Styles of Attachment
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Strange Situation Test: A parent-infant "separation and reunion" procedure that is staged in a laboratory to test the security of a childs attachment
Secure Attachment: baby is secure when the parent is present, distressed by separation, and delighted by reunion. |
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Ainsworth's views
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Securely attached- kids use caretaker as a secure base.
Anxious- Ambivalent infants first seek and then avoid caretaker. Cry and cling. Avoidant infants are not attached at all Parental responsiveness highest in securely attached kids, lowest in avoident kids, and inconsistent in ambivalent kids |
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Adolescence vs. Puberty
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Adolescence: mental and social changes,,, the culturally determined state between childhood and adulthood.
Puberty: Physical Changes,,, the onset of sexual maturity Girls; 7-14 Boys;9-16 Menarche: a girls first menstrual period Spermarche: A boys first ejaculation |
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Erickson's Eight Stages
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Trust- Mistrust (0-1)
Autonomy- Guilt (1-3) Initiative- Inferiority (3-6) Identity- Role Confusion (Adolescence) Intimacy- Isolation (young adult) Generativity- Stagnation (mid age) Integrity- Despair (old age) |
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The Kubler-Ross Stages of Dying
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Denial and isolation
Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance |
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Grief and Bereavement (death)
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Grief: distress following death of a loved one. Shock--3weeks, Emotional upheaval--1yr, Lessening of grief--after 1 yr
Bereavement: missing a loved one and longing for their company |
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Triarchic Theory
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"the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in life, according one owns definition of success and ones culture.
1. Componetial intelligence: the info-processing strategies you have when solving a problem. 2. Experiential or creative intelligence: your creativity in transfering skills to new activities. 3. Contextual or Practical Intelligence: the practical application of intelligence, which requires you to take into account the different contexts in which you find yourself. |
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g factor
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underlie specific mental abilities and talents; potential
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factor analysis
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a stat method for anylizing test scores and other various measurements
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Psychometrics
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The measurement of mental abilities, traits and processes.
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Metacognition
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The knowledge of awareness of one's cognitive process, and the ability to monitor and control those processes.
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