Exam 2 Opp

Front 1

watching gate is extremely important for which model?

Back 1

biomechanical

Front 2

unlevel sacral base requires ... compensation

Back 2

vertebral

Front 3

what acts as a divider and moderator of structures above and below?

Back 3

diaphragms

Front 4

diaphragm can have affects on changes in ... and ... flow

Back 4

circulatory
lymphatic

Front 5

palmar and plantar fascia act as ...

Back 5

diaphragms

Front 6

what is not uncommon and causes global, physical, cognitive, and spiritual reactions?

Back 6

chronic pain

Front 7

increasing vitamin D3 levels has been shown to help relieve ...

Back 7

chronic pain

Front 8

what kind of illness behavior is this?
-preoccupation with imagined defect of the body

Back 8

somatoform disorders

Front 9

what are these?
-biomechanical
-respiratory circulatory
-neurological
-nutritional
-energy expenditure and exchange
-behavioral - social

Back 9

the 6 models of osteopathic treatment

Front 10

a technique is characterized as ... if it takes the body towards the restrictive barrier

Back 10

direct

Front 11

a technique is characterized as ... if it takes the body away from the restrictive barrier toward the position of ease

Back 11

indirect

Front 12

... technique is a direct technique that usually involves lateral stretching, linear stretching, deep pressure, traction and/or separation of proximal and distal muscle ends while monitoring tissue response and muscle changes by palpation

Back 12

soft tissue

Front 13

what are the 3 basic mechanisms used in applying soft tissue technique?

Back 13

-traditional (stretching)
-kneading
-inhibition

Front 14

inhibition is sustained deep pressure over a ... myofascial structure

Back 14

hypertonic

Front 15

soft tissue treatments produce generalized "..." effect on patients
-enhanced general physical tone and level of well-being

Back 15

tonic

Front 16

... and absence of ... are absolute contraindications to soft tissue techniques

Back 16

patient refusal
somatic dysfunction

Front 17

what are these?
-maintaining fluid balance in the body
-purification and cleansing of tissues
-defense
-nutrition

Back 17

functions of the lymphatic system

Front 18

what are these?
-spleen, tonsils, thymus, lymph nodes, etc.
-functions include production of immunologic cells and antibodies, clearing of waste from fighting infections, and filtering toxins

Back 18

organized lymph tissue

Front 19

... perfuse most of the tissues of the body

capillaries flow into larger channels which eventually drain into the venous system via the ... duct or the ... duct

Back 19

lymph channels

right lymphatic
thoracic

Front 20

what is the substance that leaks out of the arterial capillaries, into the interstitium and into the single-cell lymphatic vessels?

Back 20

lymph

Front 21

primary cells of lymph are ...

Back 21

lymphocytes

Front 22

lymph flows through lymph channels are influenced by what 3 factors?

Back 22

-interstitial fluid pressure
-ionic gradients
-intrinsic lymphatic pupm

Front 23

excessive interstitial fluid increases interstitial pressure and collapses lymph capillaries resulting in ... and ...

Back 23

edema
congestion

Front 24

edema also causes dilation of lymph ... causing the valves not to function and the intrinsic pump to shut down

Back 24

capillaries

Front 25

OMT may exert its greatest influence on the ...

Back 25

lymphatic system

Front 26

direct external pressure on the lymph channel (increases or decreases) the flow of lymph

Back 26

increases

Front 27

the ... is an important external pump of the lymphatic system

Back 27

diaphragm

Front 28

fascial torsions (twists) can directly (increase or decrease) lymphatic flow through the fascia?

Back 28

decrease

Front 29

rib raising reduces constriction of larger lymph vessels, while reducing ...

Back 29

sympathetic tone

Front 30

in which lymphatic pump technique do to lift the inferior border of the pectoralis muscles while the patient breathes?

Back 30

pectoral traction

Front 31

what are 2 absolute contraindications to lymphatic techniques?

Back 31

-anuresis if not on dialysis (if kidneys have shut down)
-necrotizing fasciitis in area involved (localized infection)

Front 32

Fred L. Mitchell defined muscle energy treatment as a form of osteopathic treatment in which the patient ... moves the body specifically directed by the physician from a precisely controlled ..., in a specific ..., and against a distinctly executed ...

Back 32

voluntarily
position
direction
counterforce

Front 33

muscle contraction requires both a ... (blood flow) and ... (neural stimulus) reaction

Back 33

chemical
electrical

Front 34

ischemia is the lack of ...

Back 34

O2

Front 35

anemia is the lack of ...

Back 35

blood cells

Front 36

when i hear the word nociceptive, think of ...

Back 36

pain

Front 37

altered blood flow therefore triggers a ... response signaling that a problem exists within the tissues and that there is a state of low-energy formation in the muscles

Back 37

neural

Front 38

sufficient blood flow must be maintained in order to regenerate the ... necessary to break the actin-myosin ... so that muscle fiber movement may be continued

Back 38

ATP
cross-links

Front 39

reduced ... will alter the metabolic support necessary for normal muscle movement

Back 39

blood flow

Front 40

"the rule of the ... is supreme"
-ATStill

Back 40

artery

Front 41

in its resting (dead-without ATP) state, muscle fibers are ... and ...

Back 41

linked
contracted

Front 42

the nerve terminal of muscle spindles is known as the .... ending

Back 42

annulospiral

Front 43

muscle spindles are responsible for the ... of the muscles

Back 43

tone

Front 44

the function of the muscle spindle is to provide ... feedback for the movement, position and extension of muscles

Back 44

proprioceptive

Front 45

during ... of the muscle, the muscle spindle becomes progressively silenced and the golgi tendon organ increases its firing rate

Back 45

active contraction

Front 46

during ... of the muscle, the muscle spindle increases its firing rate and the golgi tendon organ becomes slightly increased

Back 46

stretch

Front 47

what are receptors located within the laced network of collagen tissue fibers at the musculotendinous junctions of the muscles?

Back 47

golgi tendon organs

Front 48

when the golgi tendon is stimulated, this ... motor firing to this muscle and ... muscle firing to its antagonist muscle group

Back 48

inhibits
stimulates

Front 49

Joint capsule mechanoreceptors are normally more sensitive at the extremes of joint angle movement, in the presence of ... within the joint, and in the presence of increased fluid pressures

Back 49

inflammation

Front 50

... are a component of the fusimotor system, the system by which the CNS controls muscle spindle sensitivity

Back 50

gamma motoneurons

Front 51

... regions in the muscle also have reduced gamma and alpha input

Back 51

injured

Front 52

what type of muscle fibers?
-smaller
-more mitochondria and blood capillaries
-more content of myoglobin in the sarcoplasm (carries additional available oxygen for use by the mito)
-red coloration
-function: postoral
-color: red
-metabolism: oxidative
-fatigability: slow
-spindle number: high
-reaction: shortening

Back 52

slow twitch muscle fibers

Front 53

what type of muscle fibers?
-metabolically and functionally designed for more ballistic activity such as power movements performed over a short duration of time
-function: phasic
-color: white
-metabolism: glycolytic
-fatigability: rapid
-spindle number: moderate
-reaction: weakening

Back 53

fast twitch fibers

Front 54

muscle contraction (is or is not) an all or none action?

Back 54

is not

Front 55

what is this?
-increase in the diameter of the muscle fibers along with increased sarcoplasm and metabolic supportive matrix. This is formed by the forceful activation of the muscle fibers against at least 75% of its maximal tension

Back 55

hypertrophy

Front 56

what is this called?
-decrease in diameter of the muscle fibers with reduced strength, fiber size, and metabolic support

Back 56

atrophy

Front 57

what is the most significant contributor to atrophy?

Back 57

denervation

Front 58

what is this?
-change in the tension (tautness) of a muscle without approximation of muscle origin and insertion
-the operator force equals the patient force
-this apparently resets the muscle proprioceptors as the tight muscle lengthens

Back 58

isometric contraction

Front 59

isometric contraction
-patient's activation of the restricted muscle against the physician's counterforce is known as ...
-patient's activation of the antagonist muscle to the restricted muscle against the physician's counterforce is known as ...

Back 59

-post-isometric relaxation
-reciprocal inhibition

Front 60

isotonic contraction:
-...: contraction of muscle resulting in approximation of origin and insertion (getting closer)
-...: lengthening of the muscle during contraction (getting farther away, pull and stretch)
-these methods are commonly used to build muscle strength

Back 60

concentric
eccentric

Front 61

what is this?
-contraction of a muscle against resistance while an external force lengthens the muscle.
-this method is thought to work through activation of the golgi receptor reflexes and is used to tear down adhesions in the tissues. this has the potential to cause injury in the tissues and is not commonly used

Back 61

isolytic contraction

Front 62

what is this?
-constant velocity during either concentric or eccentric contraction of a muscle group
-used to build muscle strength while also controlling the movement

Back 62

isokinetic (isotonic) contraction

Front 63

what is the end result of the mechanisms previously outlined, that protection of the injured muscle group requires extra effort from other muscle fibers and groups of muscles to compensate for the injured muscle fibers or altered joint mechanics?

Back 63

re-orchestration of muscle efforts