Exam 2 General Flashcards

Front 1

What are the joints of the shoulder complex?

Back 1

sternoclavicular, glenohumeral, acromioclavicular joints, and the scapulothoracic interface

Front 2

Ultimate goal of the shoulder complex?

Back 2

positioning the upper extremity to facilitate hand function

Front 3

Where along the vertebral column is the base of the spine of the scapula located?

Back 3

T3

Front 4

Where along the vertebral column is the inferior angle of the scapula located?

Back 4

T7

Front 5

What is the angle of the plane of the scapula?

Back 5

35degrees anterior to the frontal plane

Front 6

What is the angle of the glenoid fossa?

Back 6

5degrees superior relative to the medial border of the scapula

Front 7

What is the angle of inclination of the humeral head?

Back 7

135degrees with shaft

Front 8

What is the angle of retroversion of the humeral head?

Back 8

30degrees posterior angulation relative to the frontal plane

Front 9

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular articulation?

Back 9

A sellar-type joint

Front 10

What is the function of the anterior & posterior sternoclavicular ligaments?

Back 10

reinforce/support the anterior & posterior aspects of the fibrous capsule

Front 11

What is the function of the interclavicular ligament?

Back 11

attaches sternal ends of clavicles, passes over superior surface of jugular notch

Front 12

What is the function of the costoclavicular ligament?

Back 12

attaches first costal cartilag to inferior surface of the proximal aspect of the clavicle

Front 13

What part of the acromioclavicular articulation could be an indicator of wear and tear?

Back 13

articular disc

Front 14

What is the function of the acromioclavicular ligament?

Back 14

reinforces the superior & inferior aspects of the fibrous capsule

Front 15

What is the functoin of the coracoclavicular ligament?

Back 15

primary stabilizer (maintains relationship between clavicle & scapula)

Front 16

What are the parts of the coracoclavicular ligament?

Back 16

trapezoid and conoid

Front 17

Where is the trapezoid ligament located?

Back 17

from superior surface of the coracoid process in a superior/lateral direction to attach to the trapezoid line of the clavicle

Front 18

Where is the conoid ligament located?

Back 18

from superior surface of coracoid process, near its base, in a vertically superior direction to attach to conoid tubercle of the clavicle (posterior & medial to trapezoid ligament)

Front 19

What is the "main" shoulder joint?

Back 19

Glenohumeral articulation

Front 20

What is the function of the axillary pouch?

Back 20

to have the slack by the joint so it is easier to move (helps to raise arm overhead)

Front 21

Where is the superior glenohumeral ligament located?

Back 21

from the supraglenoid tubercle to the anatomical neck of the humerus

Front 22

What is the function of the superior glenohumeral ligament?

Back 22

restricts movement at 0degrees abduction

Front 23

Where is the middle glenohumeral ligament located?

Back 23

superior and middle aspects of anterior rim of glenoid fossa, blends with anterior aspect of capsule and subscapularis tendon to the anterior aspect of the anatomical neck of the humerus

Front 24

What is the function of the middle glenohumeral ligament?

Back 24

restricts movement greater than 30degrees

Front 25

Where is the inferior glenohumeral ligament located?

Back 25

anterior/inferior rim of the glenoid fossa and labrum to the anterior/inferior-posterior/inferior aspects of the anatomical neck of the humerus

Front 26

Where is the coracohumeral ligament located?

Back 26

lateral suface of the coracoid process to the anterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus where it blends with the capsule and supraspinatus tendon

Front 27

Where is the coracoacromial ligament located?

Back 27

anterior margin of the acromion process to the lateral aspect of the coracoid process

Front 28

What all is contained in the subacromial space?

Back 28

subacromial bursa, tendon of origin for the biceps brachii long head, superior aspect of joint capsule

Front 29

What type of gland is a mammary gland?

Back 29

modified apocrine (sweat) gland

Front 30

What is deep to the mammary gland?

Back 30

retromammary bursa

Front 31

What is the Tail of Spence?

Back 31

extension of glandular tissue superior/lateral towards the axilla - lobes drain to the surface of the skin via lactiferous ducts

Front 32

What is the Suspensory Ligament of Cooper?

Back 32

extensions of fibrous tissue from the breast to the dermis of the skin

Front 33

What are the major contributing vessels that supply the mammary glands?

Back 33

primarily branches of the internal thoracic artery, also branches from the axillary artery (lateral thoracic, pectoral, and thoracoacromial branches), and branches from the intercostal

Front 34

What are the levels of axillary lymph nodes based on?

Back 34

Location of the pectoralis minor

Front 35

What are the levels of axillary lymph nodes?

Back 35

Level I: lower axillary group
Level II: middle axillary group
Level III: upper infraclavicular group

Front 36

What is the medial boundary of the axilla?

Back 36

serratus anterior muscle covering the lateral thoracic wall

Front 37

What is the anterior boundary of the axilla?

Back 37

combined tissue mass of the pectoralis major and minor muscles

Front 38

What is the posterior boundary of the axilla?

Back 38

primarily subscapularis muscle, also latissimus dorsi and teres major muscle tissue

Front 39

What is the lateral boundary of the axilla?

Back 39

intertubercular/bicipital groove

Front 40

What is inside the deltopectoral groove/triangle?

Back 40

cephalic vein

Front 41

What are the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process?

Back 41

short head of biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, pectoralis major

Front 42

What are the four ligaments that attach to the coracoid process?

Back 42

trapezoid, conoid, coracohumeral, coracoacromial

Front 43

Where is the inguinal ligament located?

Back 43

inferior border of the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis which spans from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle

Front 44

What is the first muscle to fire when lifting your arm?

Back 44

transverse abdominis

Front 45

What muscle in the abdomen allows for semental movement?

Back 45

rectus abdominis

Front 46

What muscles' aponeuroses contribute to the rectus sheath?

Back 46

External & internal abdominal obliques, transverse abdominis

Front 47

What are the branches of the Sublcavian Artery?

Back 47

vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, thyrocervical trunk, costocervial trunk

Front 48

What are the parts of the thyrocervical trunk?

Back 48

inferior thyroid artery, suprascapular artery, transverse cervical artery

Front 49

What are the parts of the costocervical trunk?

Back 49

deep cervical, highest/supreme intercostal arteries

Front 50

What is inside the interscalene triangle?

Back 50

brachial plexus and subclavian artery

Front 51

The dorsal root of the spinal nerve is made up of?

Back 51

almost entirely sensory neurons

Front 52

What is the ventral root of the spinal nerve?

Back 52

primarily a motor structure

Front 53

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

Back 53

C5-C8 & T1

Front 54

What are the cords of the brachial plexus named in reference to?

Back 54

their position relative to the axillary artery

Front 55

What are the three articulations of the elbow joint?

Back 55

humero-ulnar, humero-radial, proximal radio-ulnar

Front 56

What are the articulations of the humero-ulnar joint and what type of joint is it?

Back 56

the trochlea of the humerus with the trochlear notch of the ulna

modified sellar joint

Front 57

What are the articulations of the humero-radial joint and what type of joint is it?

Back 57

the concave proximal surface of the radial head with the convex surface of the capitulum of the humerus

ovoid joint

Front 58

What is the purpose of the humero-ulnar joint?

Back 58

allows for elbow flexion and extension

Front 59

What is the purpose of the humero-radial joint?

Back 59

allows for flexion/extension and rotation of the radius (pronation/supination)

Front 60

What are the articulations for the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

Back 60

periphery of the radial head with the fibro-osseous ring formed by the radial notch of the ulna and annular ligament

Front 61

What are the articulations for the distal radio-ulnar joint?

Back 61

convex peripheral surface of the ulnar head with the concave surface of the ulnar notch of the radius

Front 62

What is the purpose of the radio-ulnar joints?

Back 62

adjusting the length of the upper limb (flexion/extension)
adjusting the orientation of the palm of the hand
positioning the hand for functional tasks

Front 63

What is valgus?

Back 63

joint is displaced medially; distal end of the limb is lateral relative to the position of the joint

Front 64

What is varus?

Back 64

joint is displaced laterally; distal end of the limb is medial relative to the position of the joint

Front 65

What is the typical carrying angle for the upper extremity?

Back 65

15degrees of valgus

Front 66

Which of the medial collateral ligaments are the strongest?

Back 66

anterior fibers

Front 67

What is the purpose of the quadrate ligament?

Back 67

leash that prevents the radius from over-pronating/over-supinating

Front 68

What is the lateral border of the cubital fossa?

Back 68

brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus

Front 69

What is the medial border of the cubital fossa?

Back 69

pronator teres muscle

Front 70

What is the proximal border of the cubital fossa?

Back 70

a line passing through the humeral condyles

Front 71

What is the floor of the cubital fossa?

Back 71

brachialis muscle

Front 72

What does the acronym TAN stand for?

Back 72

Tendon of insertion for the biceps brachii, brachial artery, median nerve

Front 73

What nerve runs along the medial edge of the brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus?

Back 73

radial nerve

Front 74

If a muscle crosses the elbow, what is a possible fuction of it?

Back 74

flexion of the elbow

Front 75

What are the muscles associated with the cubital fossa?

Back 75

brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, and pronator teres

Front 76

What are the muscles of the superficial forearm?

Back 76

Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris

Front 77

What are the deep muscles of the deep forearm?

Back 77

supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis

Front 78

What muscles are part of the common extensor mass?

Back 78

extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, humeral head of extensor carpi ulnaris

Front 79

What are the six parts always associated with a synovial joint?

Back 79

bones, articular cartilage, fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, joint cavity

Front 80

What tendon(s) form(s) the anterior boundary of the anatomical snuff box?

Back 80

abductor pollicis longus & extensor pollicis brevis

Front 81

What tendon(s) form(s) the posterior boundary of the anatomical snuff box?

Back 81

extensor pollicis longus

Front 82

What blood vessel can be found in the anatomical snuff box?

Back 82

branch of the Radial Artery that courses onto the dorsum of the hand and ultimately into the deep compartment of the hand

Front 83

What bone can be felt through the anatomical snuff box?

Back 83

scaphoid bone

Front 84

What muscles does the deep radial nerve branch to?

Back 84

extensors digitorum, digiti minimi, ulnaris, pollicis longus, pollicis brevis, indicis, & abductor pollicis longus

Front 85

What part of the upper extremity does that posterior interosseous artery feed?

Back 85

posterior component of the forearm

Front 86

What three membranes compartmentalize the forearm into anterior and posterior sections?

Back 86

medial intermuscular septum, interosseous membrane, lateral intermuscular septum

Front 87

What is the only deep muscle of the forearm to not attach to the ulna?

Back 87

extensor pollicis brevis

Front 88

What is the "wristband" that holds all of the wrist tendons in the right place?

Back 88

the extensor retinaculum