Exam 1 Chapter 5

Front 1

Prelinguistic Behavior

Back 1

refers to all vocalizations prior to the first actual words

Front 2

Speech Sound Development

Back 2

refers primarily to the gradual articulatory mastery of speech sound forms within a given language

Front 3

Primary Functions

Back 3

the life supporting duties of the speech mechanism

Front 4

Secondary Functions

Back 4

those tasks, including articulation of speech sounds, that occur in addition to the life supporting ones

Front 5

Categorical Perception

Back 5

refers to the tendency of listeners to perceive speech sounds (which are varied acoustically along a continuum) according to the phonemic categories of their native lanuage

Front 6

Perceptual Constancy

Back 6

the ability to identify the same sound across different speakers, pitches, and other changing environmental conditions

Front 7

Canonical Babbling

Back 7

the collective term for the reduplicated and nonreduplicated babbling stages

Front 8

Reduplicated Babbling

Back 8

marked by similar strings of consonant-vowel productions

Front 9

Nonreduplicated/Variegated Babbling

Back 9

variation of both consonants and vowels from syllable to syllable

Front 10

Jargon stage

Back 10

characterized by strings of babbled utterances that are modulated primarily by intonation, rhythm, and pausing

Front 11

Vocoids

Back 11

vowel-like sounds during the end of the canonical babbling stage

Front 12

Contoids

Back 12

consonant-like sounds during the end of the canonical babbling stage

Front 13

Linguistic Phase

Back 13

from the time the first meaningful word is produced

Front 14

First Words

Back 14

an entity of relatively stable phonetic form that is a particular context and is recognizably related to the adultlike word form of a particular language

Front 15

Phonetically Consistent Forms (Proto-words/Vocables/Quasi-words)

Back 15

vocalizations used consistently by a child in particular contexts but without a recognizable adult model.

Front 16

First 50 Word stage

Back 16

the time of the initial productions of words

Front 17

Two-Word stage

Back 17

the time when the child begins combining two words

Front 18

Item Learning

Back 18

the child first acquired words forms as unanalyzed units, as productional wholes

Front 19

System Learning

Back 19

during which the child acquires the phonemic principles of the phonological system in question

Front 20

Phonetic Variability

Back 20

refers to the unstable pronunciations of the child’s first 50 words

Front 21

Phonological Idioms/Regression

Back 21

occurs as the child attempts to master other complexities of language

Front 22

Tone-Unit

Back 22

is an organizational unit imposed on prosodic data

Front 23

Interference/Transfer

Back 23

when children make an error in English due to the direct influence of their first language

Front 24

Silent Period

Back 24

when children speak very little as they focus on understanding a new language

Front 25

Code Switching/Mixing

Back 25

speakers alternate between L1 & L2

Front 26

Morphophonology

Back 26

refers to the study of the different allomorphs of the morpheme and the rules governing their use

Front 27

Metaphonology

Back 27

involves the child’s conscious awareness of the sounds within a particular language

Front 28

Phonological Awareness

Back 28

an individual’s awareness of the sound structure or phonological structure of a spoken word in contrast to written words

Front 29

Coding

Back 29

translating stimuli from one form to another – ex. From auditory to written form

Front 30

Phonemic Awareness

Back 30

refers only to the phoneme level and necessitates an understanding that words are comprised of individual sounds

Front 31

Phonological Processing

Back 31

the use of sounds of a language to process verbal information in oral or written form that requires working and long-term memory

Front 32

Phonological Development

Back 32

refers to the acquisition of speech sound form and function within the language system