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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Binary System
uses a plus (+) and minus (-) system to signal the presence (+) or absence (-) of certain features
Underlying Form
a purely theoretical concept that is thought to represent a mental reality behind the way people use language
Phonological Rules
govern how this phonological representation is transformed into the actual pronunciation
Coronal
sounds produced with the apical/predorsal portion of the tongue [ t d s z n l]
Anterior
labial, dental, and alveolar consonants
Distributed
sounds with a relatively long oral-sagittal constriction [s z]
Continuant
“incessant” sounds produced without hindering the airstream by any blockages within the oral cavity (vowels, fricatives, glides, and liquids)
Delayed release
refers to sounds produced with a slow release of a total obstruction within the oral cavity (affricates)
Tense
consonants and vowels produces with a relatively greater articulatory effort (p t k i u)
Naturalness
designates two features: 1. The relative simplicity of a sound production and 2. Its high frequency of occurrence in languages
Markedness
refers to sounds that are relatively more difficult to produce and are found less frequently in languages
Generative Phonology
represents the applications of principles of generative grammar to phonology
Natural Phonology
incorporates features of naturalness theories and was specifically designed to explain the development of the child’s phonological system
Phonological Processes
are innate and universal; therefore, all children are born with the capacity to use the same system of processes
Limitation
occurs when differences between the child’s and the adult’s systems become limited to only specific sounds, sound classes, or sound sequences
Ordering
occurs when substitutions that appeared unordered and random become more organized
Suppression
refers to the abolishment of one or more phonological processes as children move from the innate speech patterns to the adult patterns
Natural Processes
those processes that are common in the speech development of children across languages
Substitution processes
describe those sound changes in which one sound class is replaced by another
Assimilatory processes
describe changes in which a sound becomes similar to, or is influenced by, a neighboring sound of an utterance
Nonlinear (Mulitlinear) Phonology
a group of phonological theories understanding segments as governed by more complex linguistic dimensions
Distinctive Features
phonetic constituents that distinguish between phonemes
Syllable Structure Processes
describe those sound changes that affect the structure of the syllable