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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carbohydrate Metabolism
3 parts |
1. polysacchacarides broken into simple sugars
2. glucose, fructose and galactose absorbed 3. fructose and galactose converted to glucose |
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GLUCOSE
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produce energy
stored as glycogen (liver and muscle) stored as triglycerides (fat) |
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another name for glucose catabolism
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cellular respiration
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4 steps of glucose catabolism
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glycolysis
transition reaction krebs cycle electron transport chain |
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glycolysis
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2 ATP
cytoplasm of cell |
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transition reaction
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mitochondrial matrix
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kreb's cycle
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2 ATP
mitochondrial matrix |
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electron transport chain
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32 - 34 ATP
cristae - mitochondrial folds |
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glycogenesis
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making glycogen
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EAT
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glucose stored as glycogen
stimulated by insulin |
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FAST
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glycogen catabolized when blood glucose levels drop
activated by glucagon |
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GLUCONEOGENESIS
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liver glycogen will decrease if fasting or not eating enough carbs
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what stimulates gluconeogenesis
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cortisol (adrenal)
glucagon (pancreas) |
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LIPID METABOLISM
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produces ATP
stored in adipose or liver makes other molecules |
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what is lipid catabolism called
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lipolysis
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explain lipolysis
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triglycerides are split into fatty acids and glycerol by lipase
glycerol is converted to glucose or pyruvic acid fatty acids converted to acetyl CoA |
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another name for lipid anabolism
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lipogeneis
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explain lipogensis
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too many calories
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where does blood cholesterol come from
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animal products
liver |
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what do fatty foods do to blood cholesterol
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raise it.
liver makes cholesterol |
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Desirable blood cholesterol levels for adults
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total under 200
trigs 10-190 ldl under 130 hdl under 40 |
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during postabsorptive state, where can you get alternative fuel sources from?
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fatty acids from fat tissue into krebs as acetyl CoA
lactic acid produced anaerobically during exercise |
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What cells will never find an alternative source of fuel
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BRAIN
RBC's |
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describe protein metabolism
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produce ATP
used to synthesize new proteins |
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Protein Catabolism
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liver cells convert amino acids into substances that can enter Kreb's cycle
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Protein Anabolism
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produces new proteins from absorbed amino acids
stimulated by hormones |
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what proteins stimulate protein anabolism
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thyroid
insulin estrogen testosterone |
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what are the 2 metabolic states
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absorptive
postabsorptive |
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Basic facts of absportive
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nutrients enterting the bloodstream
glucose for ATP production 4 hrs for each meal |
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Basic facts of postabsorptive
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no nutrients in GI tract
body must meet its needs with outside nutrients gluconeogensis must maintain a steady blood glucose level |
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where does storage of excess fuels occur?
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hepatocytes
adipocytes skeletal muscles |
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steps of metabolism of absorptive state
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most glucose entering liver cells is converted to glycogen or triglycerides
dietary lipids stored in adipose |
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what does the pancreas release
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insulin
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insulin's functions
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increase anabolism
decrease catabolism promotes entry of glucose and amino acids stimulates protein synthesis |
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where does storage of excess fuels occur?
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hepatocytes
adipocytes skeletal muscles |
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steps of metabolism of absorptive state
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most glucose entering liver cells is converted to glycogen or triglycerides
dietary lipids stored in adipose |
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what does the pancreas release
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insulin
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insulin's functions
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increase anabolism
decrease catabolism promotes entry of glucose and amino acids stimulates protein synthesis |
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where does storage of excess fuels occur?
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hepatocytes
adipocytes skeletal muscles |
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steps of metabolism of absorptive state
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most glucose entering liver cells is converted to glycogen or triglycerides
dietary lipids stored in adipose |
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what does the pancreas release
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insulin
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insulin's functions
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increase anabolism
decrease catabolism promotes entry of glucose and amino acids stimulates protein synthesis |
