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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of natural selection? |
Directional selection, disruptive selection, stabilizing selection |
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Speciation |
the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. |
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Example of directional selection |
Medium ground finch |
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Example of stabilizing selection |
Human birth weight |
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Example of disruptive selection |
Geospiza fortis (bird, beak size) |
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Adaptation |
A trait, or integrated suite of traits, that increases the fitness of its possessor. |
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Fitness |
The ability to produce viable offspring |
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Differential Reproductive Success |
DRS is the consequence of Natural Selection |
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K-selected strategy |
Larger but fewer offspring, occurs in low-predation sites |
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R-selected strategy |
Smaller but more numerous offspring, occurs in high-predation sites |
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Antagonistic Pleiotropy Hypothesis |
Predicts a trade-off between two characteristics that may be caused when two parts of the genome ex) react to thermal stimuli |
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Oxpecker and... |
Buffalo and... |
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Genomic conflict |
Intragenomic conflict arises when a gene causes its own transmission to the detriment of the rest of the genome |
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Heteroplasmic Mitochondria |
When some mitochondria are genomically different from others |
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Exaptation |
A shift in the function of a trait during evolution. For example, a trait can evolve because it served one particular function, but subsequently it may come to serve another. |
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Homeotic Genes |
The genes that control the development of big anatomical features |
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Gene duplication |
Aldosterone and Cortisol |
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Trade-offs |
An inescapable compromise between one trait and another |
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Body mass scales... |
with the third power of size |
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Support strength scales... |
with the second power of size |
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Artifical selection for speeds leads to |
High frequency of musculo-skeletal damage |
