Evolution Lecture 2

Front 1

the historical relationships among populations or species

Back 1

phylogeny

Front 2

a trait or characteristic of an organism

Back 2

adaptation

Front 3

ability of an individual to survie and reproduce in its environment

Back 3

darwinian fitness

Front 4

a uselss or rudimentary version of a body part that has an important function in other, closly related allied specie

Back 4

vestigial structures

Front 5

geologist who promoted unifomriatarism

Back 5

charles lyell

Front 6

the assumption that processes identical to thoses at woek today are responsible fro events that occured in the past

Back 6

uniformitatianism

Front 7

the view that most or all landforms are the product of a catastrophic events, such as the flood at the time of Noah

Back 7

Castatrophism

Front 8

archbishop who founded the date when earth was created

Back 8

james ussher

Front 9

english cleric who promoted theory of special creation. The fact nature appears designed with an implied designer.

Back 9

william paley

Front 10

alfred russel wallace

Back 10

disocovered natural selection independently from darwin

Front 11

general patteren of correspondence between fossil and living forms from the same locale

Back 11

law of sucession

Front 12

shows a mix of features, including physical traits senn later in descendants.

Back 12

transitional species

Front 13

similarity b/t species that results from inheritance of traits from a common ancestor

Back 13

homology

Front 14

nonfunctional copies of normal genes that orginate when processed mRNAs are accidentally reverse transcribed to DNA by reverse transcriptase, then inserted back into the genome of the new location

Back 14

pseudogenome

Front 15

younder rocks are deposited on top of older rocks

Back 15

principle of superpostion

Front 16

what is a shared derived trait called

Back 16

synapomorphy

Front 17

any gorup that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants

Back 17

monophyletic group

Front 18

system of naming species

Back 18

binomial nomenclature

Front 19

depicts the relatinships ampong taxa as a set of nested synapomphies

Back 19

cladogram

Front 20

the character state in the group of intrest

Back 20

ingroup

Front 21

the state in a very close relative that clearly branched off earlier

Back 21

outgroup

Front 22

a crieterion for selecting among alternative patterns or explanantions based on minimizing the total amount of change or complexity

Back 22

parismony

Front 23

similarity in the characters found in different speices that is due to convergent evolution, parallesim, or reversal not common desecent

Back 23

homoplasy

Front 24

convergent evolution

Back 24

similarity between species that is caused by a similar, but evolutionarily independent response to a common enivornmental problem

Front 25

a technique for estimating the strength of the evidence that a particular node in a tree exists. Computer creates a new set of data set from the existing one by repeated smapling

Back 25

bootstrapping

Front 26

Hypothesis that bassed subsitutions accumulate in populations in a clock like fashion: that is in a linear funcrtion of time

Back 26

molecular clock

Front 27

that which occurs when interactions b/t species oovertime lead to reciprocal adaption

Back 27

coevolution

Front 28

descent w/ modification but no speciation

Back 28

anagenesis

Front 29

adult resembeles juvienile

Back 29

paedomorphosis

Front 30

delayed adulthood

Back 30

peramorphosis

Front 31

change in the timing or rate of development

Back 31

heterochony

Front 32

differences in the rate of growth of different parts of an porganism

Back 32

allometry

Front 33

seeks to evualate hyptheses by testing for patterns across species, such as correalations b/t traits or correalations b/t traits and features of the environment

Back 33

comparative method