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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Talpid 2 |
Lethal mutation that causes chick embryos to develop nascent teeth (which birds have lacked for at least 70 million years) |
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Homeotic Transformations |
A normal body part is replaced by a body part which is regularly found in other regions or not found on the organism at all |
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Homeosis |
The study of the control of major anatomical features |
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Karl Ernst von Baer |
Argued that embryos in closely related species resemble each other, and not the adult from of some ancestral species |
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Ontogeny |
Development of an organism |
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Homeobox (Homeotic / Hox) genes |
Genes that are critical for the development of different body segments and structures |
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Neoteny |
Onset of somatic traits is retarded |
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Heterochrony |
S developmental change in the timing or rate of events, leading to changes in size and shape. |
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Progenesis |
Reproductive traits appear early |
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Acceleration |
Somatic trait appears early |
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Hypermorphosis |
Reproductive traits appear later |
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Recapitulation |
Adult traits appear in juveniles of descendants |
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Paedomorphosis |
Juvenile traits appear in the adults of descendants |
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Axolotl |
Reproductively mature individuals have juvenile traits (gills!) due to the lack of a certain hormone; if this hormone is introduced it begins to look more like its cousin the Tiger Salamander |
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Homeotic genes in plants are called |
MADS Box genes (MCM1 Agamous Deficiens SRF) |
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Flower plant organs are... |
Leaf, stem, roots |
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Flowers are... |
modified leaves! |
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Flower anatomy can include... |
Petals, carpel, sepals, and stamen |
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Three germ layers |
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm |
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Neural Crest Cells |
A temporary group of cells unique to vertebrates that arise from the embryonic ectoderm cell layer, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia. |
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Quail and duck beaks differentiate due to... |
Neural crest cells |
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Fishibian |
Animal with traits of a fish and of an amphibian; has a neck and the bone structure of limbs in its fins |
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One bone, two bones, a blob |
Stylopod, Zeugopod, Autopod |
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Limb bud |
In tetrapods, limb buds originate from mesodermal cells that form the AET |
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AER |
Apical Ectodermal Ridge; cells here secrete molecules that induce growth |
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Fgf8 |
Growth factor in embryonic development; can rescue limb development in the absence of AER |
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SHh (Sonic Hedgehog) |
Signaling pathway for regulating vertebrate organogenesis, such as the growth of digits |
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Organogenesis |
the production and development of the organs of an animal or plant. |
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Hand2 |
Transcription factor required for growth and development of limb buds |
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Dolphins (tetrapods) lack hind limbs |
Hand2, myosin, and SHh are not expressed |
