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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lynn Margulis |
Reintroduced the theory of endosymbiosis; did not get published until the 17th submission |
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Radiation of land plants |
510 mya |
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Split of green and red algae |
930 mya |
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Radiation of extant eukaryotes |
1126 mya |
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Radiation of animals |
812 mya |
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The Three-Domain Hypothesis |
Eukaryota represent a split off of the archaea; archaea and eukaryotes are sister-groups |
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The Eocyte Hypothesis |
Eukaryota is a branch nestled within the archaea; we've since discovered the lokiarchaeota are a sister group to the eukaryota |
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Lokiarchaeota |
A sister group to eukaryotes; a diverse group that suggests archaea is not a mono-phylogenetic group |
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Characteristics of the ancestral, amitochondrial, eukaryotic cell |
Most likely... -anaerobic (or was it aerobic?) -Lacked a nuclear membrane -No mitochondria, plastids, ER -Phagotrophic -No cell wall |
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Anaerobic |
Occurring in the absence of oxygen or not requiring oxygen to live. Anaerobic bacteria produce energy from food molecules without the presence of oxygen. |
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Aerobic |
Occurring in the presence of oxygen or requiring oxygen to live. In aerobic respiration, which is the process used by the cells of most organisms, the production of energy from glucose metabolism requires the presence of oxygen. |
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Archeozoa |
At the base of the eukaryotic radiation |
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Giardia lamblia |
archeozoa; live in the intestinal track of dogs/animals; prevent you from absorbing nutrients; little pathogens; have two nuclei and lack mitochondria |
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Mitochondria of plants, animals, and fungi share a common ancestor with... |
The extant alpha-proteobacteria; the closest found match is the Rickettsia prowazekii, an intracellular parasite that causes typhus (which means it has a way to get inside other cells). |
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Oxygen Toxicity Hypothesis (Ox-Tox) |
An anerobic eukaryote got inside alpha-proteobacteria, which enabled it to survive the increase of oxygen in the atmosphere |
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Degenerate mitochondria |
Could be early versions of mitochondria, or could have diverged from the rest of the mitochondrial group |
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Diplomonads |
Have organelles called mitosomes; derive energy anaerobically; are often parasites |
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Parabasalids |
Have organelles called hydrogenosomes; derive energy anaerobically and produce hydrogen |
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Among cliff swallows, as the size of the colony increases... |
...the number of eggs that hatch increases ...the probability daily survival increases ...parasitism increases |
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Colonial living increases the probability of daily survival among cliff swallows because... |
-There are more eyes to be vigilant -They share information about where food is |
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Volvox algae |
Show a level of cell differentiation, produce non-mobile reproductive cells to create a baby colony, the most basic distinction between SOMA and GERMlines |
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ris 1 expression |
Represses reproduction when C. reinhardtii is in a resource-poor environment |
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Mitochondria is monophyletic (derived from the same ancestor) as what? |
Mitosomes and hydrogenosomes, which are respiratory organelles. |
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The Hydrogen Hypothesis was created by |
Martin and Muller |
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The Inside-Out Hypothesis was created by |
David Baum |
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The Inside-Out Hypothesis suggests... |
Blobs emerged from the host prokaryote, engulfed the proto-mitochondria, and eventually formed the cellular compartments |
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Secondary endosymbiosis |
When a host engulfs a endosymbiont that already had engulfed its own endosymbiont |
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Apicoplast |
An apicoplast is a derived non-photosynthetic plastid found in most Apicomplexa, including malaria parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum, but not in others such as Cryptosporidium. It originated from an alga (there is debate as to whether this was a green or red alga) through secondary endosymbiosis. Considered to be a vestigial plastid by some. |
