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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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epitope
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specific part of a protein that is recognized by the immune system and initiates a response
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Phylogeny
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Evolutionary history of a group
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Caldogram
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evolutionary tree reflecting the results of a cladistic analysis
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Phylogenetic (Evolutionary) Tree
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diagram of the relationship of ancestry and descent among a group of species or populations
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Lineages
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group of ancestral and descendant populations or species that are descended from a common ancestor
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Microevolution
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changes in gene frequency, and trait distributions that occur in populations and species
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Macroevolution
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large evolutionary change; usually in morphology
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Vestigial features
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rudimentary traits that are homolgous to fully functional trats in closely related species
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Fossil
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any trace of an organism that lived in the past
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Fossil record
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complete collection of fossils
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Law of Succession
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observation that fossil types are succeeded in the same geographic area, by similar fossil or living species
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Homology
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similarity between species that results from inheritance of traits from a common ancestor
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Processed pseudogene
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pseudogene that originated when a mRNA from which the intron had already been removed was reversed transcribed and inserted in the genome
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exons
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nucleotide sequence that occurs between intronts and reminds in mRNA after the introns have been spliced out
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introns
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noncoding stretch of DNA nucleotides that occur between the coding regions of a gene
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Retrotransposons
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transposable elements that move via an RNA intermediate and contain the coding sequence for reverse transcriptase; closely related to retrovirus
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Uniformitarianism
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assumption that processes identical to those at work today are responsible for events that occurred in the past
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Methodological Naturalism
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convention that natural phenomena can be explained by natural causes
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Ontological Naturalism
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philosphical position that the natural world is all that exists
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Darwinian fitness
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extent to which an individual contributes genes to future generations, or an individuals score on a measure of performance expected to correlate with genetic contribution to future generations
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Adaptation
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trait that increases the ability of an individual to survive/reproduce compared with individuals without the trait
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Heritability
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fraction of the total phenotypic variation in a population tha tis caused by genetic differences among individuals
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Preadaptation
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trait that chagnes due to natural selection and acquired a new function
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Blending inheritance
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hypothesis that heritable factors blend to produce a phenotype and are passed onto offspring in this blended form
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