Biology Evolution Test Chapters 15 And 16

Front 1

Evolution

Back 1

Change over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

Front 2

Theory

Back 2

a well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world

Front 3

Fossil

Back 3

the preserved remains of ancient organisms

Front 4

Artificial Selection

Back 4

a process by which nature provided genetic variation in organisms, and humans select those variations that they find useful.

Front 5

Struggle for existence

Back 5

the competition within a species for resources, such as food, living space, and other necessities of life.

Front 6

Fittness

Back 6

How suitable an organism is to survive

Front 7

Adaptation

Back 7

a inherited trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

Front 8

Survival of the fittest

Back 8

A theory developed by Darwin, that states organisms more fit for their specific environment (adaptations) survive and reproduce more successfully than those without

Front 9

Natural Selection

Back 9

process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully

Front 10

Descent with modification

Back 10

the theory that all species have descended, with changes, from other species over time

Front 11

Common descent

Back 11

The principle that states that all species- living and nonliving- were derived from a common ancestor.

Front 12

Homologous structures

Back 12

Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissue; provides strong evidence that all 4 limbed vertebrates have descended.

Front 13

Vestigial organs

Back 13

traces of organs in other species; organs that do not serve a function

Front 14

Gene pool

Back 14

common group of genes (all alleles) that are present in a specific population

Front 15

Relative frequency

Back 15

the number of times an allele appears in a gene pool

Front 16

Single gene trait

Back 16

a trait that is controlled by one one gene, such as a widows peak

Front 17

Polygenic trait

Back 17

traits that are controlled by two or more genes, which usually has two or more alleles

Front 18

Speciation

Back 18

Formation of new species

Front 19

genetic drift

Back 19

random change in allele frequency

Front 20

founder effect

Back 20

a situation in which allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population

Front 21

genetic equilibrium

Back 21

when allele frequencies remain the same

Front 22

Hardy-Weinberg principle

Back 22

states that allele frequency in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause these frequencies to change

Front 23

Reproductive Isolation

Back 23

when 2 populations cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Front 24

Directional selection

Back 24

when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end

Front 25

stabilizing selection

Back 25

when individuals near the center of the curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end of the curve

Front 26

disruptive selection

Back 26

when individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle

Front 27

behavioral isolation

Back 27

when 2 pop. are capable of interbreeding but have different mating behavior

Front 28

geographic isolation

Back 28

when 2. pop are seperated by a geographical barrier

Front 29

temporal isolation

Back 29

when 2 or more species reproduce at different times