<Essofocean8Ed> Chapter 13: Biological Productivity And Energy Transfer

Front 1

low or high productivity in estuaries; low or high biodiversity in estauries?

Back 1

high productivity; low biodiversity

Front 2

amount of organic carbon produced by photosynthesis in a given time and area

Back 2

gross primary productivity

Front 3

gross primary productivity minus respiration done by producers

Back 3

net primary productivity

Front 4

fine cone-shaped mesh nets

Back 4

plankton nets

Front 5

green photosynthetic pigment

Back 5

chlorophyll

Front 6

ocean color instrument aboard the SeaStar satellite used to guage productivity

Back 6

SeaWiFS

Front 7

what is a limiting nutrient that could be used to fertilize polar waters to increase productivity

Back 7

iron

Front 8

depth at which photosynthesis is zero

Back 8

compensation depth

Front 9

from longest wavelength to shortest what are the common forms of electromagnetic radiation

Back 9

radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays

Front 10

device used to measure water transparency (and thus turbidity and clarity)

Back 10

Secchi disc

Front 11

why are coastal regions typically yellow-green

Back 11

marine algae scatter yellow and green light

Front 12

waters with plenty of nutrients usually along the coast

Back 12

eutrophic waters

Front 13

waters without many nutrients

Back 13

oligotrophic waters

Front 14

what 2 colors penetrate deepest into the water column

Back 14

green and blue

Front 15

brown algae, which lives in temperate and cold-water areas

Back 15

phaeophyta

Front 16

pigment in phaeophytes

Back 16

fucoxanthin

Front 17

green algae, which live in shallow waters

Back 17

chlorophyta

Front 18

type of algae that can survive at depths below the euphotic zone

Back 18

red algae (rhodophyta)

Front 19

red algae

Back 19

rhodophyta

Front 20

golden algae

Back 20

chrysophyta

Front 21

orange-yellow pigment of chrysophytes

Back 21

carotin (type of carotene)

Front 22

accumulations of diatoms shells

Back 22

diatomaceous earth

Front 23

silica-based diatom shell

Back 23

frustule

Front 24

calcium carbonate plates covering coccolithophores

Back 24

coccoliths

Front 25

large abundance of dinoflagellates that secrete toxins

Back 25

red tide

Front 26

condition caused by eating too many shellfish with Gonyaulax toxin in them

Back 26

paralytic shellfish poisoning

Front 27

toxin secreted by a species of diatom responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning and abnormal bird behavior

Back 27

domoic acid

Front 28

phylum of dinoflagellates

Back 28

pyrrophyta

Front 29

what are dinoflagellate tests composed of

Back 29

cellulose

Front 30

seafood poisoning causing the most human illness caused by eating reef fish with dinoflagellate toxins

Back 30

ciguatera

Front 31

bacteria responsible for at least half of the ocean's biomass

Back 31

prochlorococcus

Front 32

what is the genus of algae responsible for massive fish kills on the NC coast due to nitrogen eutrophication

Back 32

pfiesteria

Front 33

the 2 most productive marine ecosystems per unit area

Back 33

coral reefs, algae beds

Front 34

process of moving carbon and nutrients from euphotic zone to sea floor; percent of biomass accumulates?

Back 34

biological pump; 1%

Front 35

algal bloom initiated by the availibility of nutrients and terminated by lack of light

Back 35

fall bloom

Front 36

algal bloom initiated by sunlight availibility and terminated by consumption of nutrients

Back 36

spring bloom

Front 37

where is equatorial upwelling best developed

Back 37

east Pacific Ocean

Front 38

why are tropical waters so low in productivity (which is why they're clear)

Back 38

low nutrient availibility

Front 39

which is larger: spring bloom or fall bloom?

Back 39

spring bloom

Front 40

all organisms that live in a particular area

Back 40

community

Front 41

biotic and abiotic components of an area (community and environment)

Back 41

ecosystem

Front 42

addition of artificial nutrients to the ocean which causes harmful algal blooms

Back 42

eutrophication

Front 43

areas near the mouths of rivers where decomposition of algal blooms results in hypoxic water

Back 43

dead zones

Front 44

where is the most prominent dead zone in the US that forms annually and grows bigger each year

Back 44

Mississippi River mouth

Front 45

of the following, which group has the greatest biomass: consumers, decomposers, producers

Back 45

producers

Front 46

feeding using special structures to take plankton from water to eat

Back 46

suspension/filter feeding

Front 47

organ used by clams to pump sea water into their shell and filter it

Back 47

siphon

Front 48

feeding stages including carnivores, herbivores, and producers

Back 48

trophic levels

Front 49

cycling of nutrients through the biosphere, earth, and atmosphere

Back 49

biogeochemical cycling

Front 50

average gross ecological efficiency

Back 50

10%

Front 51

diagram of all energy flow between organisms of a community

Back 51

food web

Front 52

close relationship between organisms where at least one benefits

Back 52

symbiosis

Front 53

symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not affected

Back 53

commensalism

Front 54

symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit

Back 54

mutualism

Front 55

symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed

Back 55

parasitism

Front 56

what protects clownfish from being stung by sea anemones

Back 56

mucus

Front 57

fish that attaches with a sucker to another fish in order to travel

Back 57

remora

Front 58

biomass present in an ecosystem at a given time

Back 58

standing stock

Front 59

what ecosystem is the basis for most of the fish coming from all fisheries

Back 59

nontropical shelves

Front 60

harvesting fish too quickly, which prevents them from reproducing enough to sustain a population

Back 60

overfishing

Front 61

unwanted marine organisms caught by fishers

Back 61

incidental catch, bycatch

Front 62

net drawn around a group of fish, typically resulting in high amounts of bycatch

Back 62

purse seine net

Front 63

nets that catch any marine organisms that swim through them without noticing the net there

Back 63

driftnet, gill net

Front 64

cultivation of aquatic organisms in a controlled environment

Back 64

aquaculture

Front 65

cultivation of marine organisms in a controlled environment

Back 65

mariculture