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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plants first colonized land at least _____.
A. 75 million years ago B. 245 million years ago C. 475 million years ago D. 1.2 billion years ago E. 45 billion years ago |
C. 475 million years ago
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The closest algal relatives of land plants are _____.
A. brown algae B. angiosperms C. charophyceans D. red algae E. diatoms |
C. charophyceans
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Most bryophytes, such as mosses, differ from all other plants in that they _____.
A. do not produce flowers B. have cones but no seeds C. have flagellated sperm D. lack vascular tissue E. produce spores |
D. lack vascular tissue
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The diploid generation of the moss life cycle _____.
A. produces spores B. is called the gametophyte C. is always larger and more conspicuous than the haploid stage D. develops from a spore E. produces eggs and sperm |
A. produces spores
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The diploid sporophyte stage is dominant in the life cycle of all of the following except _____.
A. a pine tree B. a dandelion C. a rose bush D. a fern E. a moss |
E. a moss
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In contrast to bryophytes, the dominant stage of the vascular plant life cycle is the _____.
A. zygote B. sporophyte C. pollen grain D. gametophyte E. spore |
B. sporophyte
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When you look at a pine or maple tree, the plant you see is the _____.
A. haploid sporophyte B. diploid sporophyte C. haploid gametophyte D. diploid gametophyte E. polyploid gametophyte |
B. diploid sporophyte
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_____ provide much of our lumber for building and wood pulp for paper production.
A. Bryophytes B. Angiosperms C. Gymnosperms D. Fungi E. Ferns |
C. Gymnosperms
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Which of the following adaptations was a key to allowing conifers to be successful in diverse terrestrial habitats?
A. reduction of the sporophyte B. evolution of sperm with flagella C. evolution of vascular tissues D. evolution of fruit E. evolution of pollen |
E. evolution of pollen
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Angiosperms are different from all other plants because only they have _____.
A. vascular tissue B. flowers C. a life cycle that involves alternation of generations D. seeds E. a sporophyte phase |
B. flowers
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The eggs of seed plants are fertilized within ovules, and the ovules then develop into _____.
A. seeds B. spores C. gametophytes D. fruit E. sporophytes |
A. seeds
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What type of plants provides nearly all of the food for the human population?
A. gymnosperms B. bryophytes C. algae D. angiosperms E. ferns |
D. angiosperms
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Which of the following is the most common reason the tropical rain forests are being destroyed today?
A. so the trees can be used for lumber B. so the land can be used for agriculture C. for the creation of large cities D. so pharmaceutical companies can find new drugs E. for the creation of national parks |
B. so the land can be used for agriculture
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Which of the following is a difference between plants and fungi?
A. Plants have diploid and haploid phases, and fungi have only haploid stages. B. Fungi have cell walls, and plants do not. C. Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic. D. Plants produce spores, and fungi do not. E. Fungi are strictly asexual, and plants undergo sexual reproduction. |
C. Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic.
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How do fungi reproduce?
A. by rhizomes B. by seeds C. by spores D. by fruits E. by cloning |
C. by spores
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The closest living relatives of the first plants to have gametangia are the _____.
A. bryophytes B. charophyceans C. seedless vascular plants (pteridophytes) D. gymnosperms E. angiosperms |
A. bryophytes
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Which characteristic is shared by algae and seed plants?
A. embryo development within gametangia B. roots and shoots C. vascular tissue D. pollen E. chloroplasts |
E. chloroplasts
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Which of these was the dominant plant group at the time that dinosaurs were the dominant animals?
A. seedless vascular plants B. charophyceans C. gymnosperms D. angiosperms E. bryophytes |
C. gymnosperms
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_____ are an example of seedless vascular plants.
A. Mosses B. Lilacs C. Charophyceans D. Ferns E. Pine trees |
D. Ferns
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In mosses gametes are produced by _____; in ferns gametes are produced by _____.
A. binary fission ... mitosis B. meiosis ... meiosis C. meiosis ... mitosis D. mitosis ... meiosis E. mitosis ... mitosis |
E. mitosis ... mitosis
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In a moss, what structures produce sperm and eggs?
A. fiddleheads B. spores C. gametangia D. sporophyte |
C. gametangia
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The conspicuous part of a fern plant is a _____.
A. haploid gametophyte B. diploid gametophyte C. diploid sporophyte D. haploid sporophyte |
C. diploid sporophyte
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In the fern life cycle, what is formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg?
A. a gametophyte B. a fiddlehead C. a zygote D. a spore E. a flower |
C. a zygote
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In pines, an embryo is a(n) _____.
A. seed B. immature sporophyte C. food reserve for the immature sporophyte D. immature male gametophyte E. immature female gametophyte |
B. immature sporophyte
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In the pine life cycle, what does the actual pine tree represent?
A. haploid gametophyte B. diploid gametophyte C. diploid sporophyte D. haploid sporophyte |
C. diploid sporophyte
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The male gametophytes of flowering plants are also referred to as _____.
A. male sporophytes B. pollen grains C. embryo sacs D. stamen |
B. pollen grains
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In flowering plants the covering of the ovule develops into a(n) _____.
A. cotyledon B. fruit C. sporophyte D. seed coat |
D. seed coat
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A carpel is composed of _____.
A. ovary, ovule, and anther B. ovule, megasporocyte, and anther C. zygote and anther D. stigma, style, and ovary E. petal, sepal, and stamen |
D. stigma, style, and ovary
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Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains to the _____ of a flower on the same plant or another plant of the same species.
A. stamen B. anther C. female cone D. stigma E. ovary |
D. stigma
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What percentage of the plant species found on Madagascar are unique to that island?
A. 10 B. 20 C. 40 D. 80 E. 90 |
D. 80
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The human population of Madagascar doubles about every _____ years.
A. 10 B. 25 C. 40 D. 60 E. 80 |
B. 25
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What is a lemur?
A. a primate only found on Madagascar B. a poisonous snake found only on Madagascar C. a type of orchid found only on Madagascar D. a type of tree found only on Madagascar E. a type of cuckoo found only on Madagascar |
A. a primate only found on Madagascar
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Much of the original forest cover on Madagascar has been destroyed primarily as a result of _____.
A. the building of malls B. pollution from automobile emissions C. the building of tract housing D. burning for agricultural purposes E. industrial activity |
D. burning for agricultural purposes
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What is the cause of the red color of the waters about Madagascar?
A. dinoflagellates B. a persistent red tide C. the high concentration of iron found in these waters D. soil that has washed into the ocean E. red algae |
D. soil that has washed into the ocean
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As a group, fungi are _____.
A. photoautotrophs B. decomposers C. herbivores D. carnivores E. chemoautotrophs |
B. decomposers
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Fungi release digestive enzymes into their _____.
A. surroundings B. gastrovascular cavity C. stomach D. hyphae E. mycelia |
A. surroundings
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Basidia produce spores by a process known as _____.
A. decomposition B. mitosis C. meiosis D. hyphae E. binary fission |
C. meiosis
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What structures allow plants to readily take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
A. stomata B. cuticles C. anthers D. chloroplasts E. mycorrhizae |
A. stomata
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Vascular tissues of plants include _____.
A. xylem for conducting water and minerals, and phloem for conducting sugars B. xylem for conducting sugars, and phloem for conducting water and minerals C. lignin for conducting organic molecules, and phloem for conducting sugars D. phloem for conducting water and minerals, and lignin for conducting sugars E. cuticles for conducting water, and phloem for conducting sugars |
A. xylem for conducting water and minerals, and phloem for conducting sugars
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Which of the following are nonvascular but have adaptations that green algae lack (such as a cuticle and stomata)?
A. mosses B. ferns C. angiosperms D. gymnosperms E. brown algae |
A. mosses
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Land plants as a group probably share a common ancestor with _____.
A. charophyceans B. bryophytes C. mosses D. brown algae E. ferns |
A. charophyceans
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Small nonvascular plants that lack a specialized conduction system are called _____.
A. fiddleheads B. gymnosperms C. bryophytes D. angiosperms E. charophyceans |
C. bryophytes
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The innovation essential to the survival of bryophytes on land was _____.
A. freedom from the need for water to reproduce B. flowers C. chlorophyll D. vascular tissue E. the retention of the embryo on the parent plant |
E. the retention of the embryo on the parent plant
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Bryophytes are small because _____.
A. they lack vascular tissue B. they evolved in cold climates C. they live in the desert D. they live in areas of limited nutrients E. they reproduce by spores |
A. they lack vascular tissue
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Seedless plants include _____.
A.only nonvascular plants B. bryophytes and ferns C. bryophytes and gymnosperms D. mosses and angiosperms E. only vascular plants |
B. bryophytes and ferns
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Mosses do not have "true leaves" because their leaflike structures lack _____.
A. chlorophyll B. chloroplasts C. cellulose in their cell walls D. starch in their chloroplasts E. vascular tissues |
E. vascular tissues
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All gametophytes are _____.
A. single-celled B. haploid C. diploid D. female, but not male, reproductive structures E. male, but not female, reproductive structures |
B. haploid
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Which of the following produce eggs and sperm?
A. the fruiting bodies of a fungus B. fern sporophytes C. moss gametophytes D. moss spore capsules E. the anthers of a flower |
C. moss gametophytes
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Alternation of generations _____.
A. is unique to plants B. consists of a diploid gametophyte stage alternating with a haploid sporophyte stage C. cycles between plant stages with similar appearance D. is distinguished by haploid and diploid stages that are both multicellular E. occurs in all sexually reproducing organisms |
D. is distinguished by haploid and diploid stages that are both multicellular
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Plants undergo alternation of generations in which _____.
A. the sporophyte generation alternates with the gametophyte generation B. the vascular generation alternates with the nonvascular generation C. male plants alternate with female plants D. male gametes alternate with female gametes E. spores alternate with the sporophyte generation |
A. the sporophyte generation alternates with the gametophyte generation
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The gametophyte generation of a moss _____.
A. produces spores B. grows out of the sporophyte C. is rarely encountered, compared with the sporophyte D. is haploid E. has phloem but lacks xylem |
D. is haploid
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How are gametes produced by bryophytes?
A. by mitosis of gametophyte cells B. by mitosis of spores C. by meiosis of spores D. by meiosis of sporophyte cells E. by meiosis of gametophyte cells |
A. by mitosis of gametophyte cells
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Ferns and mosses are mostly limited to moist environments because _____.
A. their pollen is carried by water B. they lack cuticles and stomata C. their seeds do not store much water D. they have swimming sperm E. they lack vascular tissue |
D. they have swimming sperm
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When you see a green, "leafy" moss, you are looking at the _____.
A. structure that results directly from a fertilized egg B. sporophyte generation C. gametophyte generation D. spore-producing structure E. fiddlehead |
C. gametophyte generation
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Strolling through the woods, you would be least likely to notice which of the following?
A. a fern sporophyte B. a fern gametophyte C. a moss gametophyte D. an angiosperm sporophyte E. a gymnosperm sporophyte |
B. a fern gametophyte
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Fern spores are _____, and the familiar, "leafy" fern plant itself is _____.
A. haploid ... haploid B. haploid ... diploid C. diploid ... haploid D. diploid ... diploid E. polyploid ... diploid |
B. haploid ... diploid
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Fern gametophytes are _____.
A. part of the asexual life cycle B. produced from haploid gametes C. photosynthetic diploid organisms D. free-living, multicellular organisms E. found on the underside of fern leaves (fronds) |
D. free-living, multicellular organisms
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During the Carboniferous period, forests consisting mainly of _____ produced vast quantities of organic matter, which was buried and later became coal.
A. angiosperms B. ferns and other seedless plants C. flowering plants D. gymnosperms E. fungi |
B. ferns and other seedless plants
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The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____.
A. produces spores B. is called the gametophyte C. is larger and more conspicuous than the haploid stage D. develops from a spore E. produces eggs and sperm |
A. produces spores
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Both gymnosperms and angiosperms _____.
A. have fiddleheads B. reproduce by spores C. have naked seeds D. produce fruits E. pollen, seeds, and ovules |
E. pollen, seeds, and ovules
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An explorer found a plant that had roots, stems, and leaves. It had no flowers but produced seeds. This plant sounds like a(n) _____.
A. fern B. bryophyte C. angiosperm D. moss E. gymnosperm |
E. gymnosperm
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The male gametophyte in pine is commonly known as _____.
A. the ovule B. the seed C. the fruit D. pollen E. wood |
D. pollen
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The evolutionary advance that made possible the colonization of dry environments by seed plants is most likely the result of the evolution of _____.
A. ovules B. pollen C. the production of separate male and female spores D. sporophytes E. cones |
B. pollen
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In a pine, the seed develops from the _____.
A. ovule B. male gametophyte C. conifer D. pollen grain E. fruit |
A. ovule
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Male floral parts include _____.
A. stamens B. stigma, style, and ovary C. stamens and carpels D. stigmas and anthers E. ovaries |
A. stamens
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The "female" structures of angiosperms are called _____, and they produce _____.
A. sepals ... ovules B. carpels ... ovules C. anthers ... sperm D. anthers ... pollen E. anthers ... ovules |
B. carpels ... ovules
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The defining reproductive adaptation of angiosperms is the _____.
A. flower B. fiddlehead C. sporophyte D. gametophyte E. pollen grain |
A. flower
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The major difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms comes from the _____.
A. presence or absence of a protective covering over the ovule B. presence or absence of vascular structures C. presence or absence of alternation of generations D. presence or absence of pollen E. presence or absence of leaves |
A. presence or absence of a protective covering over the ovule
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Unlike most angiosperms, grasses are pollinated by wind. As a consequence, some unnecessary parts of grass flowers have almost disappeared. Which of the following parts would you expect to be most reduced in a grass flower?
A. ovaries B. petals C. anthers D. carpels E. stamens |
B. petals
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After fertilization, the _____ develops into a seed and the _____ develops into a fruit.
A. ovule ... ovary B. pollen grain ... ovule C. ovary ... ovule D. egg ... ovule E. egg ... ovary |
A. ovule ... ovary
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Which evolutionary advance gave the gymnosperms an adaptive advantage at the time they were evolving?
A. cuticle B. seed C. fruit D. leaf E. vascular tissue |
B. seed
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A pea pod is formed from _____. A pea inside the pod is formed from _____.
A. an ovule ... a carpel B. an ovary ... an ovule C. an ovary ... a pollen grain D. an anther ... an ovule E. endosperm ...an ovary |
B. an ovary ... an ovule
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A fruit is a ripened _____.
A. seed B. pollen grain C. bulb D. ovary E. anther |
D. ovary
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Which one of the following best describes the function of fruits?
A. to protect and disperse the seeds B. to reward pollinators C. to compete with other plants for predators D. to store food for the plant to use over the winter E. to distract herbivores from eating the leaves |
A. to protect and disperse the seeds
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Human survival literally depends on the produce from _____.
A. angiosperms B. gymnosperms C. charophytceans D. mosses E. fungi |
A. angiosperms
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In contrast to plants, the cell walls of fungi are composed of _____.
A. DNA B. cellulose C. phospholipids D. lignin E. chitin |
E. chitin
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There is a fungus in Oregon that covers 2,200 acres! The bulk of this fungus is most likely _____.
A. reproductive structures B. spores C. pathogenic D. mycelium E. roots |
D. mycelium
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In fungi, the function of the mycelium is _____.
A. reproduction B. defense C. obtaining food D. surviving a period of food shortage E. movement |
C. obtaining food
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Fungi obtain nutrients through _____.
A. endocytosis B. chemosynthesis C. photosynthesis D. absorption E. exocytosis |
D. absorption
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There is strong evidence to suggest that fungi _____.
A. are a grouping of unrelated species B. and animals have a common ancestor C. are more closely related to the domain Bacteria than to any other kingdom D. evolved from plants E. were once photosynthetic |
B. and animals have a common ancestor
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Lichens are _____.
A. mutualistic associations of fungi and plant roots B. predatory fungi C. the sexual stage of fungi D. symbiotic associations of photosynthesizers and fungi E. a type of bryophyte |
D. symbiotic associations of photosynthesizers and fungi
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You are hiking through a bog in northern Maine and notice what appears to be moss growing on the tamarack trees. On closer inspection, you see that the "moss" is composed of translucent (clear) filaments with interspersed spherical green cells. This moss must be _____.
A. a relative of pineapple B. a mushroom C. a lichen D. blue-green algae E. a true moss |
C. a lichen
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Mutualistic associations of plant roots and fungi are called ______.
A) mycorrhizae B) mycelia C) pneumatophores D) mycophyta E) myrmecochores |
A) mycorrhizae
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The ______ helps plants retain water.
A) hypha B) cuticle C) mycorrhiza D) skin E) lignin |
B) cuticle
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______ is a chemical that supports the physical structure of terrestrial plants.
A) Lignin B) Parenchyma C) RuBP D) Calcium carbonate E) Mesophyll |
A) Lignin
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______ is(are) considered the green alga ancestor of land plants.
A) Charophyceans B) Ulva C) Volvox D) Dinoflagellates E) Apicomplexans |
A) Charophyceans
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Plants first moved onto land at least ______ years ago.
A) 65 million B) 475 million C) 1.2 billion D) 3.5 billion E) 4.5 billion |
B) 475 million
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Which of the following correctly illustrates the sequence of the origin of modern groups of plants?
A) ferns, gymnosperms, bryophytes, angiosperms B) gymnosperms, ferns, bryophytes, angiosperms C) bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms D) bryophytes, ferns, angiosperms, gymnosperms E) ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms, bryophytes |
C) bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
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Which of the following lack vascular tissue?
A) flowering plants B) cone-bearing plants C) grasses D) ferns E) mosses |
E) mosses
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Why are bryophytes considered incompletely adapted to the terrestrial environment?
A) They lack flowers. B) Their embryos do not develop within gametangia. C) Their sperm are flagellated. D) The gametophyte generation is dominant. E) They lack a cuticle. |
C) Their sperm are flagellated.
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In ______ the gameotphyte is more obvious than the sporophyte.
A) conifers B) mosses C) grasses D) ferns E) angiosperms |
B) mosses
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Gametophytes are ______; sporophytes are ______.
A) male . . . female B) an adaptation to an aquatic existence . . . an adaptation to a terrestrial existence C) not a component of the angiosperm life cycle . . . a component of the angiosperm life cycle D) haploid . . . diploid E) the dominant stage of the conifer life cycle . . . the less obvious stage of the conifer life cycle |
D) haploid . . . diploid
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Gametophytes reproduce ______.
A) sexually B) by fission C) by alternation of generations D) by budding E) by undergoing the cell cycle |
A) sexually
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______ are seedless vascular plants.
A) Ferns B) Angiosperms C) Bryophytes D) Gymnosperms E) Grasses |
A) Ferns
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Why are ferns considered incompletely adapted to the terrestrial environment?
A) They lack flowers. B) They lack vascular tissue. C) Their sperm are flagellated. D) The gametophyte generation is dominant. E) They lack gametangia. |
C) Their sperm are flagellated.
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Seedless plants were most diverse during the ______ period.
A) Cretaceous B) Triassic C) Mesozoic D) Jurassic E) Carboniferous |
E) Carboniferous
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Of the following, which is the earliest step in the formation of fossil fuels?
A) subjecting organic matter to extreme pressure B) fungi and bacteria converting the remains of organisms to inorganic nutrients C) removal of water from organic matter by freezing D) incomplete decomposition of organic matter E) subjecting organic matter to extreme heat |
D) incomplete decomposition of organic matter
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What global climatic change gave gymnosperms an advantage over ferns?
A) the climate becoming hotter and wetter B) increased fluctuations in global climate C) the climate becoming cooler and wetter D) the climate becoming cooler and drier E) the climate becoming hotter and drier |
D) the climate becoming cooler and drier
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During the winter, what is an advantage of having needle-shaped leaves?
A) Less snow and ice will accumulate on such a leaf. B) There is no advantage to needle-shaped leaves, just as there is no advantage to being dependent on water for fertilization. C) Such leaves have increased surface areas for the absorption of solar radiation. D) Their shape attracts specific pollinators. E) Needle-shaped leaves conserve water without the need for a thick cuticle. |
A) Less snow and ice will accumulate on such a leaf.
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Which of these adaptations to a terrestrial existence evolved most recently?
A) vascular tissue B) seeds C) gametangia D) cuticle E) stomata |
B) seeds
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Pollen is a ______.
A) female gametophyte B) sporophyte C) type of seed D) male gametophyte E) megaspore |
D) male gametophyte
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Your friend with plant allergies sneezes and then says: ʺI sneezed because ______ went up my nose.ʺ
A) male gametophytes B) nectar C) seeds D) sporophytes E) mycelia |
A) male gametophytes
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______ were the first plants that did not require water for transferring sperm to eggs.
A) Bryophytes B) Gymnosperms C) Mosses D) Ferns E) Angiosperms |
B) Gymnosperms
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Seeds develop from ______.
A) fruit B) carpels C) anthers D) ovules E) ovaries |
D) ovules
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Why are gymnosperms ʺnaked seedʺ plants?
A) Their seeds are not protected. B) They do not produce seeds; they only produce spores. C) They do not produce fruit. D) Their seeds lack vascular tissue. E) Their seeds develop on the surface of sporophytes. |
C) They do not produce fruit.
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The parts of a flower include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A) stamens B) sepals C) carpels D) petals E) cones |
E) cones
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In angiosperms, the male gametophyte develops within ______.
A) male cones B) mycelia C) stamens D) anthers E) archegonia |
D) anthers
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Which of the following is a component of the female structure of a flowering plant?
A) petal B) filament C) stamen D) anther E) stigma |
E) stigma
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Where does the pollen develop in a typical flower?
A) anther B) style C) stigma D) ovary E) filament |
A) anther
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The pollen grain is to gymnosperms as the ______ is to angiosperms.
A) anther B) flower C) ovule D) stamen E) pollen grain |
E) pollen grain
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In angiosperms, what structures house female gametophytes?
A) protonemata B) cones C) ovules D) hyphae E) anthers |
C) ovules
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The edible portion of a(n) ______ is a ripened ovary.
A) cucumber B) potato C) radish D) carrot E) onion |
A) cucumber
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Biologically speaking, what is the function of fruit?
A) It is where the male gametophyte develops. B) It is a mechanism for the dispersal of seeds. C) It provides structural support for the plant. D) It provides nutrients to germinating seeds. E) It attracts pollinators. |
B) It is a mechanism for the dispersal of seeds.
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Why does it make sense that many fruits are green when their seeds are immature?
A) Insects, which see the color green better than mammals do, can only carry seeds when they are small (immature). B) All animals know that all green fruits taste bad. C) Green signifies less nutritive value. D) They are green because fruits with immature seeds are still capable of photosynthesis. E) They are harder to see and thus less likely to be eaten than are other fruits. |
E) They are harder to see and thus less likely to be eaten than are other fruits.
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Nearly all food plants are classified as ______.
A) bryophytes B) mycorrhizae C) gymnosperms D) ferns E) angiosperms |
E) angiosperms
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Exploring in the tropics, you discover a nonvascular plant that produces pollen. What type of plant have you discovered?
A) an angiosperm B) a fern C) a bryophyte D) a gymnosperm E) an entirely new type that you will get to name |
E) an entirely new type that you will get to name
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At current rates of destruction, all of Earthʹs tropical forests will be gone within ______ years.
A) 10 B) 25 C) 50 D) 100 E) 1,000 |
B) 25
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Which of the following statements is true?
A) Many plant species are going extinct. B) There are more plants than animals on the U.S. Endangered Species List. C) Humans depend on plants for food, fiber, wood, and medicines. D) Fewer than 5,000 plant species have been tested as potential medicine sources. E) All of the above statements are true. |
E) All of the above statements are true.
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Which country has the largest number of total species of plants?
A) Brazil B) United States C) South Africa D) Japan E) Colombia |
A) Brazil
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Nutritionally, all fungi are ______.
A) heterotrophs B) pathogens C) autotrophs D) chemotrophs E) parasites |
A) heterotrophs
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What is a hypha?
A) a symbiotic association between a plant root and a fungus B) the basic structure of fungal bodies C) a male gametophyte D) a type of spore produced by bryophytes E) a mature ovary |
B) the basic structure of fungal bodies
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Like plants, fungi have ______; however, in plants they are composed of ______, whereas in fungi they are composed of ______.
A) cell walls . . . cellulose . . . chitin B) cell walls . . . cellulose . . . peptidoglycan C) cell membranes . . . phospholipids . . . peptidoglycan D) cell membranes . . . cellulose . . . phospholipids E) cell walls . . . phospholipids . . . cellulose |
A) cell walls . . . cellulose . . . chitin
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In general, pets improve the health of their human companions. What term describes the relationship between pets and humans?
A) commensalism B) competition C) mutualism D) parasitism E) amensalism |
C) mutualism
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Which of these relates to symbiosis?
A) the evolution of male gametophytes that lack flagella so that the presence of water is no longer required for fertilization B) a human getting diarrhea when an antibiotic kills off the prokaryotes that reside in the gut C) fungi converting organic nutrients to inorganic nutrients D) developing medicinal drugs from chemicals extracted from plants E) through time, humans learning that they need to replace trees that they harvest for lumber |
B) a human getting diarrhea when an antibiotic kills off the prokaryotes that reside in the gut
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Which characteristic is shared by algae and seed plants? A) pollen
B) cuticle C) vascular tissue D) cell walls E) stomata |
D) cell walls
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Biodiversity hot spots are recognized on the basis of ______.
A) the number of species present B) the number of endemic species C) the degree to which the species are threatened with extinction D) the numbers of species present and endemic species E) all of the above |
E) all of the above
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Madagascar is an island in the ______ Ocean.
A) North Atlantic B) South Atlantic C) Indian D) North Pacific E) South Pacific |
C) Indian
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Fungi are ______.
A) photoautotrophs B) triploid C) prokaryotic D) heterotrophs E) chemoautotrophs |
D) heterotrophs
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54) Fungal mycelia are composed of ______.
A) gills B) hyphae C) spores D) cellulose E) heterocysts |
B) hyphae
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