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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Mary I (r. 1553-1558) |
Burned Protestants at the stake, married King Phillip I of Spain, & reverted England back to catholicism |
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John Knox |
Future Reformation Leader in Scotland Court Preacher under King Edward VI |
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Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603) |
United England with the Anglican Church (Combination of Catholic rituals and Protestant beliefs) Faced many assassination plots, conservative Catholics wanted to replace her with Mary Stuart Queen of Scots Worked with Puritans to reform church |
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Sir William Cecil |
Adviser to Queen Elizabeth, helped Parliament with unifying England religiously |
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Act of Supremacy |
Repeal of all Anti-Protestant Legislation and made Queen Elizabeth "Supreme Governor" of religious and temporal affairs |
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Act of Uniformity |
Every English Parish must have a revised copy of the Common Book of Prayer |
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Thomas Cranmer |
Revised 42 original and wrote Thirty Nine Articles; made Protestantism official religion in the Church of England |
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Mathew Parker |
Archbishop of Canterbury; pursued middle ground with religion |
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Thomas Cartwright |
Worked with Parliament to create an alternative national church for Presbyterians |
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Congregationalists |
Extreme Puritans, wanted no Presbyterian or episcopal control |
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Conventicle Act of 1593 |
Gave choice to separatists to conform to the church or face exile or death |
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Pope Pius V |
Excommunicated Queen Elizabeth in 1570; lead to internal strife and foreign interest |
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John Hawkins (1532-1595) & Sir Francis Drake (1545?-1596) |
Preyed on Spanish shipping to the Americas |
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Treaty of Nonesuch (1585) |
Provided English soldiers and cavalry to the Netherlands to help protect the Protestants |
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Mary Stuart Queen of Scots (1542-1587) |
Daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary Guise; Catholic and grew up in France Returned to France after husband's death; her lover Earl of Bothwell suspected of killing her husband, Lord Darnley; after facing no charge, they married Rage from the Protestants lead to her giving her son James VI of Scotland the crown (King James I of England) |
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Treaty of Edinburgh |
Legally allowed the Protestant Reformation to occur in Scotland |
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Sir Francis Walsingham |
Queen Elizabeth's secretary, discovered plot to kill Queen Liz by Spanish Ambassador -> Bernardo de Mendoza |
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Bernardo de Mendoza |
Spanish Ambassador who plotted to kill Queen E |
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Babington Plot |
Anthony Babington and Mary Queen of Scotland plot to kill Queen E; Mary Stuart executed |
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Pope Sixtus V |
Supported Spanish Invasion |
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Pope Urban II |
At Council of Clermont in France, spoke of the first crusades (win Jerusalem back from Muslims, soldiers would not go to purgatory) |
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William Duke of Normandy OR William I (The Conqueror) |
French Conquered England by defeating Anglo Saxons at Hastings |
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Henry II (r. 1165-1189) |
(House of Anjou), married Eleanor of Aquitane, acquired Ireland with the help of Pope Adrian IV (only English Pope) Laid down Foundations of English Common Law Killed Thomas a Beckett -> archbishop of Canterbury; act weakened the King due to opposition |
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Richard the Lion Heart (r. 1189-1199) and brother John |
Henry II's Heir, leader of the crusade; absentee King yet loved Known for slaughter of 2500 men at Acre Crusades to Holy Land result in tax, conflict with pope lead to excommunication |
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Magna Carta (1215) |
Result of rebellion due to military ventures; restored political balance in England |
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Wars of Roses |
War between the House of Lancaster and House of York due to disposition of Richard II (r. 1377-1399) |
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Edward IV (r. 1461-1483) |
Son of Duke of York, seized power |
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Richard III (r. 1483-1485) |
Edward IV's brother, stole crown from Edward's son |
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Henry Tudor (r. 1485-1509) |
Married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York to bring rival families together and make heredity case to thrown possible |
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Golden Bull |
Seven Member Electoral College |
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Court of Star Chamber |
King's councilors sat as judges, nobles who would bribe or intimidate would have more consequences, more equitable court system |
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Northern Renaissance |
Began in Netherlands, religious and educational reforms humanists created |
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Johan Gutenberg (d. 1468) |
Invented printing with movable type in Mainz -printing press incredibly powerful tool for spreading information and increasing literacy as well as increasing religious and political propaganda |
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Desiderius Erasmus |
"Christian Philosophy," most famous Northern Humanist, aspired to unite classical ideals of humanity and civic virtue with Christ's love |
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Thomas More (1478-1535) |
Best Known Humanist, wrote Utopia King Henry VIII executes |
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James I of England |
King of Scotland since 1567, became King of England in 1603 -Large debt and divided religiously |
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Hampton Court Conference |
James I increased Anglican episcopacy, Puritans angered |
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Duke of Birmingham |
King James I rumored homosexual lover, controlled royal patronage, sold peerages and titles to highest bidders |
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**Charles I (r. 1625-1649)** |
Dissolves Parliament numerous times Gets in war with France, Scotland, and Spain Civil War against Parliament, loses and is executed |
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Petition of Right |
Document stating no taxation without Parliament's consent |
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Thomas Wentforth (1593-1641) |
King Charles' Chief Adviser and Duke or Statford imposed centralization in government |
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Archbishop William Laud (1573-1645) |
Tried to impose episcopal system on Scotland and did not support English Puritans and Presbyterian Scots; executed |
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Battle of Newborn |
Scots defeated England and Charles opened Parliament |
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Long Parliament |
Parliament in session for 20 years |
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Militia Ordinance |
Gave Parliament authority to raise an army |
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Oliver Cromwell |
Puritanical Leader who beat Charles in the Civil War |
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Charles II (r. 1660-1685) |
Favored religious tolerance |
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Clarendon Code |
Laws Excluding Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, and Independents from political life of nation |
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Treaty of Dover |
England and France allied against the Dutch |
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Popish Plot |
Titus Oates-> swore and lied to a magistrate about Charles' wife plotting to kill him so his younger brother could be King, innocent people executed |
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Test Act |
Oath requiring all civil and military officials of the crown to swear against the doctrine of transubstantiation |
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James II )r. 1685-1688) |
Repealed Test Act |
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Declaration of Indulgence |
Suspended all religious tests; permitted free worship |
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William III Orange & Mary |
Invaded England and became Dual Monarchy |
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Bill of Rights |
William Orange and Mary Signed Limited powers of monarchy and guaranteed civil liberties , prohibited Roman Catholics from possessing throne |
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Toleration Act of 1689 |
Permitted worships of all Protestants and outlawed Catholics who denied Christian Doctrine |
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Act of Settlement |
Provided Crown to go to the Protestant House of Hanover in Germany if Anne (r. 1702-1714) died with no issue |
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Act of Union |
England and Scotland became combined |
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Dooms Day Book |
Tax and Census Records, very detailed 1067-1914 |
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John (r. 1199-1216) |
Named King of Ireland while still Prince Loses Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine to French King |
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Edward I (Longshanks) (r. 1272-1307) |
Conquers Wales Battled William Wallace and Robert Bruce of Scotland introduced "Model Parliament" Increased size of the Great Council to receive more support of the war in Scotland |
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William Wallace |
Attempts to overthrow King Edward I |
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Edward II (r. 1307-1327) |
Son of Edward I GAY Parliament gained power through the Ordinances of 1311 Deposed by Wife Isabella (French & pregnant with William Wallace's baby) Murdered in Berkeley Castle |
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Edward III (r. 1327-1377) |
Son of Queen Isabella (her and her lover executed by King) Divided Parliament into 2 Houses: House of Lords and House of Commoners Black Death |
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Henry VIII (r. 1509- 1547) |
Breaks away from Church of England Builds army to rival Spain's 6 wives |
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Act of Supremacy |
Declared King Henry VIII head of the Church of England |
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Catherine of Aragon |
1st wife Widow of Arthur, Henry's brother CATHOLIC Mother of Mary Divorced following Act of Supremacy |
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Anne Boleyn |
2nd wife Married 1533, executed 1536 Mother of Elizabeth King began to see Jane Seymour Charges against Anne -treason, adultery, incest Beheaded with brother |
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Jane Seymour |
3rd wife Married 24 hours within Anne's execution Gave birth to Edward, born premature Died two weeks after giving birth Only wife buried with Henry |
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Anne of Cleves |
4th wife Married January 1540, divorced July 1540 Marriage was arranged with Henry's Ministers Henry nicknamed her "Flander's Mare" Divorced and people called her the "King's Sister" Marriage never consumated |
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Katheryn Howard |
5th wife Married July 1540, Executed 1542 Henry 49 Katheryn- 19 Charged with Adultery and Incest |
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Katherine Parr |
6th wife Married 1543, Widowed 1547 Married twice before, no kids Became good stepmother to all King's children Nursed King during last years Following the King's death, married Thomas Seymour (Jane Seymour's brother, Edward VI's uncle) |
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Edward VI (r. 1547-1553) |
Only surviving son of Henry VIII Crowned at age 9 Edward Seymour -> Named Protector Book of Common Prayer Introduced England moved towards Protestantism Died of tuberculosis at 15 Left Crown to Lady Jane Grey |
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Lady Jane Grey |
Claim to throne was weak Reigned for 9 days Executed by Queen Mary |
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George III |
Loses American Colonies |
