Western Civilization Unit 9 Test Review

Front 1

The artists of the Renaissance focused on

Back 1

humanistic concerns.

Front 2

The development of printing in Europe led to

Back 2

increased literacy.

Front 3

Luther criticized the Roman Catholic Church for

Back 3

selling indulgences.

Front 4

One result of the Catholic Reformation

Back 4

witch-hunts

Front 5

Copernicus proposed that

Back 5

the Earth travels around the sun.

Front 6

A wealthy powerful merchant class contributed to

Back 6

the birth of the Renaissance in Italy.

Front 7

The Renaissance occurred in N. Europe later than Italy because

Back 7

because the Black Death delayed economic growth in N Europe.

Front 8

One effect of the printing revolution in the 1500’s

Back 8

the spread of new ideas

Front 9

Luther believed that salvation could be achieved

Back 9

through faith alone.

Front 10

When the pope refused to annul King Henry VIII’s marriage,

Back 10

Henry took over the English church.

Front 11

Bacon stressed the use of

Back 11

experiments and observation in seeking knowledge

Front 12

perspective

Back 12

artistic technique that creates a 3-dimensional appearance

Front 13

theocracy

Back 13

government run by church leaders

Front 14

patron

Back 14

person who provides financial support

Front 15

annul

Back 15

to cancel

Front 16

gravity

Back 16

force that keeps the planets in orbit around the sun

Front 17

vernacular

Back 17

everyday language of ordinary people

Front 18

author of The Prince

Back 18

Niccolo Machiavelli

Front 19

religious reformer who believed in predestination

Back 19

John Calvin

Front 20

Italian painter and inventor

Back 20

Leonardo da Vinci

Front 21

wealthy merchant and patron of the arts

Back 21

Lorenzo de’Medici

Front 22

king who established the Church of England

Back 22

Henry VIII

Front 23

English humanist who’s book described an ideal society

Back 23

Sir Thomas More

Front 24

Used the printing press in 1456 to create the first printed edition of the Bible

Back 24

Johann Gutenberg

Front 25

painter, sculptor who created David and Pieta

Back 25

Michelangelo

Front 26

English writer who penned 37 plays, hundreds of sonnets, and added 1700 words to the English language

Back 26

William Shakespeare

Front 27

recant

Back 27

to give up one’s views

Front 28

humanism

Back 28

intellectual movement that focused on worldly subjects rather than on religious issues

Front 29

indulgence

Back 29

- a lessening of punishment for sins

Front 30

predestination

Back 30

the idea that God determined long ago who would achieve salvation

Front 31

heliocentric

Back 31

centered around the sun

Front 32

scientific method

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a step by step process of discovery

Front 33

hypothesis

Back 33

a possible explanation

Front 34

utopia

Back 34

an idea society

Front 35

painter who brought the Italian Renaissance to Germany

Back 35

Durer

Front 36

humanist and author of Sonnets to Laura

Back 36

Petrarch

Front 37

German monk who attacked indulgences

Back 37

Luther

Front 38

scholar who believed the sun was the center of the universe

Back 38

Copernicus

Front 39

scientist who discovered the law of gravity

Back 39

Newton

Front 40

queen who brought unity back to England by compromising between Catholic and Protestant practices

Back 40

Elizabeth I

Front 41

Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

Back 41

Leonardo da Vinci

Front 42

David, Pieta, the ceiling of the Sistene Chapel

Back 42

Michelangelo

Front 43

School of Athens

Back 43

Raphael

Front 44

The Book of the Courtier

Back 44

Castiglione

Front 45

The Prince

Back 45

Machiavelli

Front 46

Utopia

Back 46

T. More

Front 47

Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth

Back 47

Shakespeare

Front 48

created perspective, designed dome for Cathedral of Florence

Back 48

Brunelleschi

Front 49

developed oil paint

Back 49

Jan Van Eyck

Front 50

created theory of gravity

Back 50

Newton

Front 51

Explain why the development of the printing is described as a “revolution.”

Back 51

The printing revolution brought huge changes. The availability of books increased access to knowledge and exposed people to new ideas. This, in turn, influenced thought and affected movements for change. Examples of this change include the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment.

Front 52

Why was economic prosperity a necessary precondition for the Renaissance?

Back 52

It provided the financial resources to support the artists, thinkers, architects, writers, etc. People had to have money to spend on art, literature, music, sculptures, etc.

Front 53

How did the new scientific method threaten the Catholic Church?

Back 53

The scientific method, which was based on objective data, undermined Church teachings, which were rooted in ancient biblical and classical beliefs which are subjective in nature.

Front 54

Luther vs. Catholic Church - Salvation

Back 54

Luther - through faith alone
Church - faith and good works

Front 55

Luther vs. Catholic Church - Leadership

Back 55

Luther - ministers lead congregations
Church - Pope is head of all churches

Front 56

Luther vs. Catholic Church - Religious Truth

Back 56

Luther - Bible is sole source
Church - Bible and Church Leaders

Front 57

Shakespeare comedies

Back 57

Twelfth Night, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Much Ado About Nothing

Front 58

Shakespeare Tragedies

Back 58

Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth

Front 59

Shakespeare Histories

Back 59

Henry IV, Henry V, Richard II, Richard III

Front 60

Discuss three ways the Renaissance differed from the Middle Ages.

Back 60

It was a period of cultural rebirth; it was a period of great creativity; its thinkers explored the realm of human experience, rather than religious issues; and it was a time when human achievement was emphasized.

Front 61

Why was the heliocentric model, put forth by Copernicus, so strongly opposed by the Church?

Back 61

It challenged the whole system of human knowledge upon which the medieval world was grounded.