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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The endocrine system assist the? |
Nervous system in hemostasis |
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The endocrine system plays important roles in? |
Growth and sexual maturation |
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Endocrine system and nervous system meet at the? |
Hypothalamus and pituitary gland |
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The hypothalamus governs the? |
Pituitary |
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The hypothalamus governs the pituitary and is in turn controlled by? |
The feedback of hormones in the blood |
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The nervous and endocrine systems coordinate and? |
Control the body, but the endocrine system has more long lasting and wide spread effects |
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Hormones are chemical messengers that control the? |
Growth, differentiation, and metabolism of specific target cells. |
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There are two major groups of hormones? |
Steroid and nonsteroid hormones |
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Steroid hormones enter the target cells and have? |
A direct effect on the DNA of the nucleus |
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Some nonsteroid hormones are? |
Protein hormones |
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Many protein hormones remain at the cell surface and act through a second messenger, usually a substance called? |
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) |
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AMP |
Adenosine Monophosphate |
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Most hormones affect cell activity by? |
Altering the rate of protein synthesis |
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The endocrine glands, although widely distributed, are grouped together as a system because? |
The main function of each gland is the production of hormones. |
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Other organs, such as the? |
Stomach, small intestine, and kidneys, produce hormones as well |
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The pituitary gland is nicknamed the? |
Master gland |
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Pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus by a? |
Stalk called the infundibulum |
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The pituitary gland is divided into two lobes? |
The anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the posterior lobe ( neuropophysis) |
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Hormones of the adenohypophysis are called? |
Tropic hormones |
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Adenohypophysis hormones are called tropic hormones because? |
They act mainly on other endocrine glands |
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Somatotropin hormone |
STH |
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STH |
Somatotropin hormone or growth hormone (GH) |
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone also known as? |
ACTH or adrenotropin |
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ACTH |
Adrenotropin |
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Thyroid - stimulating hormone |
TSH |
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TSH |
Thyroid - stimulating hormone |
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Follicle-stimulating hormone also known as? |
FSH or follitropin |
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FSH or follitropin in female stimulates the secretion of? |
Estrogen and the growth of ova in the ovaries. In male it stimulates the production of sperm in the testicles. |
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Luteinizing hormone |
LH |
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LH |
Luteinizing hormone |
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Hormones released from the posterior lobe of pituitary include? |
Oxytocin (the labor hormone) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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ADH |
Antidiuretic Hormone |
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Other important endocrine glands include the? |
Thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, and gonads |
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Gonads |
Ovaries and testes |
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Multiple hormones are released during stress from the? |
Adrenal cortex, the hypothalamus, and the posterior and anterior pituitary |
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The cortisol released from the adrenal cortex reduces? |
Inflammation, raises the blood sugar level, and inhibits the release of histamine |
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Whole blood consists of approximately? |
55% plasma and 45% erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. |
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Formed elements in blood are? |
Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets |
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Erythrocytes |
Red blood cells |
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Plasma is a straw colored fluid that contains? |
Nutrients, hormones, and waste products. |
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Plasma is how much percent water? |
91% |
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The remaining 9% of plasma consists mainly of? |
Proteins including the clotting proteins |
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Leukocytes |
White blood cells |
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Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are produced from? |
Stem cells in the red bone marrow |
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Erythrocytes are modified for? |
Transport of oxygen |
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Most of this oxygen is bound to the pigmented? |
Protein hemoglobin |
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The five types of leukocytes can be distinguished on the basis of? |
Size, appearance of the nucleus, staining properties, and presence or absence of visible cytoplasmic granules |
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White blood cells are active in? |
Phagocytosis and antibody formation |
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Phagocytosis are |
Neutrophils and monocytes |
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Antibody formation |
Lymphocytes |
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Platelets are active in the process of? |
Blood clotting |
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Blood serves to transport oxygen and nutrients to body cells and carry away? |
Carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes |
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Plasma contains approximately? |
10% proteins, ions, nutrients, waste products, and hormones, which are dissolved or suspended in water |
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The heart is a double pump that sends blood to? |
The lungs for oxygenation through the pulmonary circuit and to the remainder of the body through the systemic circuit. |
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Blood is received by? |
The atria and is pumped into circulation by the ventricles. |
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The primary function of the pituitary gland is? |
To control the activity of the other endocrine glands |
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The pituitary acts in response to? |
Stimuli from the hypothalamus of the brain |
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The pituitary system checks and balances maintains an? |
Appropriate blood level of each hormone |
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Adrenotropin (ACTH) |
Stimulates the growth and secretions of adrenal cortex |
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Adreno means |
Adrenal gland |
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Tropin means |
stimulating |
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Ova means |
Eggs |
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Valves between the atria and ventricles include? |
The tricuspid on the right side of the heart and bicuspid on the left |
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Semilunar valves are found at the entrances of the? |
Pulmonary trunk and the aorta |
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Blood is supplied to the heart muscle by the? |
Coronary arteries |
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Heart muscle is called |
Myocardium |
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Blood drains from the myocardium directly into the? |
Right atrium through the coronary sinus |
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The heart has an intrinsic beat by the sinoatrial node and transmitted along? |
A conduction system through the myocardium. |
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Intrinsic beat of electrical activity is what is measured on an? |
Electrocardiogram |
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ECG is called |
Electrocardiogram |
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The cardiac cycle is the period from the end of? |
One ventricular contraction |
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The contraction phase of the cycle is? |
Systole |
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The relaxation phase is? |
Diastole |
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The vascular system includes arteries that carry blood away from? |
The heart, veins that carry blood toward the heart, and capillaries |
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The capillaries are the smallest of vessels and where the exchanges take place between? |
The blood and surrounding tissues, exchanging water, nutrients, and waste products |
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The systemic arteries begin with the aorta which sends branches to? |
All parts of the body |
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As the arteries get farther away from the heart? |
They become thinner and thinner |
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The smallest arteries are called |
Arterioles |
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The veins parallel the arteries and? |
Usually have the same names |
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The superior and inferior venae cavea are large veins that? |
Empty into the right atrium of the heart |
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The walls of the arteries are? |
Thick and elastic, and they carry blood under pressure |
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Vasoconstriction and vasodilation result from? |
Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterial walls |
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These changes influence blood pressure and? |
Blood distribution to the tissue |
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The walls of the veins are thinner and less elastic than those of? |
The arteries, and they carry blood under low pressure |
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Deflection of the ECG do not represent the systole and diastole of? |
The heart chambers |
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Systole and diastole represent the electrical activity that? |
Precedes the contraction - relaxation events of the myocardium |
