Endocrine System Bio 30 Ap

Front 1

What is released by hypothalamus?

Back 1

releasing hormones
inhibiting hormones
TSH-releasing hormone (TRH)

Front 2

What is released by posterior pituitary?

Back 2

Oxytocin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

peptides

Front 3

What is released by anterior pituitary?

Back 3

growth hormone
prolactin
follicle-stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
endorphins
proteins

Front 4

What is released by pineal gland?

Back 4

Melatonin
amine

Front 5

What is released by thyroid?

Back 5

Thyroxine
Triiodthyronine
calcitonin

amine

Front 6

What is released by parathyroid glands?

Back 6

Parathyroid hormone

peptide

Front 7

What is released by thymus?

Back 7

Thymosin

peptide

Front 8

What is released by adrenal medulla?

Back 8

Epinephrine/adrenaline
Norepinephrine/noradrenaline

amine

Front 9

What is released by adrenal cortex?

Back 9

Gluccocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Corticol

steroid

Front 10

What is released by pancreas?

Back 10

Insulin
glucagon

protein

Front 11

What is released by testes?

Back 11

Androgens

steroid

Front 12

What is released by ovaries?

Back 12

Estrogen
progesterone

steroid

Front 13

What do releasing/inhibiting hormones do?

Back 13

Stimulate anterior pituitary to secrete hormones

Induce anterior pituitary to stop secreting hormones

Front 14

What does TSH-releasing hormone do?

Back 14

Stimulates anterior pituitary to produce TSH

Front 15

What does oxytocin do?

Back 15

Stimulates contraction of uterus

Front 16

What does Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do?

Back 16

Promotes retention of water by kindeys

Front 17

What does growth hormone (GH) do?

Back 17

stimulates growth

Front 18

What does prolactin do?

Back 18

stimulates milk production

Front 19

What does follicle-stimulating hormone do?

Back 19

stimulates ova and sperm production

Front 20

What does luteinizing hormone do?

Back 20

Stimulates ovaries and testes

Front 21

What does thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) do?

Back 21

stimulates thyroid gland

Front 22

What does adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) do?

Back 22

stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete
gluccocorticoids

Front 23

What do endorphins do?

Back 23

Chemicals that bind to receptors in brain to dull pain perception (e.g. morphine)

Front 24

What does melatonin do?

Back 24

Rhythmic activites (circadian cycle, seasonal reproductivity, etc.)

Front 25

What do thyroxine and triiodothyronine do?

Back 25

Stimulate and maintain metabolic processes

Front 26

What does calcitonin do?

Back 26

Lowers blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium deposition in bones and reducing calcium uptake in kidneys

Front 27

What does parathyroid hormone do?

Back 27

Raises calcium levels by stimulating calcium release from bones, and increasing uptake in kidneys and intestines

Front 28

What does thymosin do?

Back 28

Stimulates T cell development

Front 29

What do adrenaline and noradrenaline do?

Back 29

Controls/increases blood glucose and metabolic activities, constricts blood vessels; stimulated by spinal cord

Front 30

Whaat do gluccocorticoids do?

Back 30

Increases blood glucose levels, promote synthesis of glucose from proteins and fats, sitmulate breakdown of muscle proteins in response to body cells consuming more glusoce than liver can provide- stimulated by ACTH

Front 31

What do mineralocorticoids do?

Back 31

Promotes reabsorption of sodium and potassium in kidneys- stimulated by ACTH

Front 32

What does insulin do?

Back 32

Lowers blood glucose level by promoting body cells and liver to take up glucose, liver stores as glycogen

Front 33

What does glucagon do?

Back 33

Raises blood glucose level by promoting liver to take down glycogen and release glucose into blood

Front 34

Where are alpha and beta cells found, and what do they do?

Back 34

in islets of Langerhans
Alpha- Secretes glucagon in response to lowering blood glucose levels
Beta- Secretes insulin in response to raising blood glucose levels

Front 35

What do androgens do?

Back 35

Support sperm formation, promotes male primary and secondary sexual characteristics (lower voice, facial hair, large skeletal muscles

Front 36

What do estrogens do?

Back 36

Stimulate uterine lining growth, promotes female secondary sexual characteristics (wider hips, higher voice, smaller body size, breast development)

Front 37

What does progesterone do?

Back 37

Promotes uterine lining growth, preparation of uterus for embryo

Front 38

What is hypothyroidism?

Back 38

Insufficient amounts of T3 and T4- causes weight gain, lethargy, intolerance to cold

Front 39

What is hyperthyroidism?

Back 39

Excess amounts of T3 and T4-causes overheating/sweating, high blood pressure, weight loss. Graves disease- common form fluid accumulation behind eye

Front 40

What are antagonistic hormones?

Back 40

Have opposite effects than usual- calcitonin lowers ca levels

Front 41

What is level of calcium homeostasis?

Back 41

10mg/100mL

Front 42

What is level of glucose homeostasis?

Back 42

90mg/100mL

Front 43

What is diabetes and the 2 types?

Back 43

Inability to absorb glucose from blood Type 1: autoimmune disease where white blood cells attack beta cells in pancreasType 2: deficiency of insulin or reduced responsiveness of target cells

Front 44

What is negative feedback control?

Back 44

A reduction in concentration stimulates additional secretion and an increase in concentration inhibits further secretion.

Front 45

What is a tropic hormone?

Back 45

Hormone that stimulates a specific target gland to secrete other hormones