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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Airway-related ambulance equipment (5)
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-suction
-oxygen cylinders -nasal cannula/nonrebreather mask -nasal/oral airways -BVMs |
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Trauma-related ambulance equipment (4)
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-c-collars
-splints -spinal stablization (backboard/KED) -trauma dressings |
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Bandage/Dressing ambulance equipment (5)
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-burn sheets
-triangular bandages -nonsterile dressings -sterile occlusive dressing -adhesive tape |
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General/Special ambulance equipment (7)
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-OB kit
-blood pressure cuffs -stethoscope -emergency meds -heavy-duty scissors -blankets/sheets -BSI protective equipment |
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Info gathered by EMD (5)
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-nature of call
-name, location, callback # -location of patient -# of patients/severity -other special problems |
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emergency response
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operation of an emergency vehicle while responding to a medical emergency
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true emergency
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situation in which there is a high possibility of death or serious injury and the rapid response of an emergency vehicle may lessen this risk
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Most visible warning devices on emergency vehicle?
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headlights: eye level of other drivers
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Possible driver distractions (7)
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-mobile computer
-GPS -mobile radio -visual and audible devices -vehicle stereo -wireless devices -eating or drinking |
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Steps for clearing an intersection
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-siren in "wail" mode for 300 ft. before
-siren in "yelp" @ 150 ft. before -decel, two short blasts of air horn -look left, straight, right, left again -proceed slowly (<10 mph) |
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Contributing factors to Unsafe Driving Conditions (11)
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-escorts
-road surface -excessive speed -reckless driving -weather -multiple-vehicle response -inadequate dispatch info/unfamiliar location -failure to heed traffic warning signals -disregarding traffic rules -fail to anticipate other motorists -fail to obey traffic signals/speed limits |
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Emergency vehicle parking distances
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-100 ft. from car wreck
-2,000 ft. from a hazardous substance |
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Info relayed to receiving facility (10)
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-unit name and level of service
-ETA -patient's age/gender -chief complaint -brief, pertinent history of present illness -major past illnesses -mental status/vital signs -physical exam findings -emergency care given -patients response to care |
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decontamination
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use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy blood-borne pathogens on a surface or item to prevent transmitting infections particles
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low-level disinfection
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destroys most bacteria, some viruses and fungi, but not TB or bacterial spores
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Intermediate-level disinfection
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destroys TB bacteria, vegetative bacteria, and most viruses and fungi, but not bacterial spores
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High-level disinfection
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destroys all microorganisms except large numbers of bacterial spores
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Sterilization
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destroys all microorganisms, including highly resistant bacterial spores
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When to notify dispatch (7)
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-receiving the call
-responding to the call -arriving at the scene -leaving the scene for the receiving facility -arriving at the receiving facility -leaving hospital for station -arriving at the station |
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Incident Command System (ICS)
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-important part of common management structure in domestic incident response
-system developed to assist w/control, direction, and coordination of emergency response resources |
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Incident commander (IC)
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person responsible for managing all operation at the incident site
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Priorities of IC
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1. Life safety: of emergency personel and public
2. Incident stability: minimize effect through efficient resource use 3. Property conservation: minimize damage to property |
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NIMS: unified command
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used when there is more than one responding agency or incidents crossing political jurisdictions
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NIMS: area command
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organization established to oversee management of multiple incidents each managed by an ICS org. and/or oversee management of large incidents cross jurisdictional boundaries; e.g. public health emergency
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EMAC
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emergency management assistance compacts; enable one jurisdiction to provide resources/support to another during an incident
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multiple-casualty incident
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any event that places a great demand on resources--equipment, personel or both
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NIMS components (6)
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-command and management
-preparedness -resource management -communications/info management -supporting technologies -ongoing management and maintenance |
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triage
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sorting victims into priorities for medical emergency care and transport
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START triage system
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-4 areas of initial assessment: 1.ambulation 2.respirations 3.perfusion 4.mental status
-Priority: Immediate (Red), Delayed (Yellow), Hold (Green; walking wounded), Deceased (Black) |
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START triage steps
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1. clear walking wounded; tag as green
2. "if you can hear me, raise a limb"=yellow patients 3. Not breathing patients (after opening airway) = black 4. immediate patients: breathing >30/min, ~normal breathing w/no pulse, altered mental status 5. initial care for immediate patients: reposition airway, control severe bleeding |
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Examples of Immediate Patients
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-airway/breathing difficulties
-uncontrolled or severe bleeding -decreased mental status -patients w/severe medical problems -shock -severe burns |
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Examples of Delayed Patients
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-burns w/out airway issues
-major/multiple bone or joint injuries -back injuries w/or w/out spinal cord damage |
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Examples of Hold Patients
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-minor painful, swollen, deformed extremities
-minor soft tissue injuries |
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JumpSTART Triage System
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1. ambulatory=green
2. Apneic --> reposition airway, if breathing=immediate 3. if not breathing --> take pulse, if not present=deceased 4. if present, give 5 rescue breaths -->apneic=deceased, breathing=immediate 5. breathing <15 or >45 = immediate 6. breathing 15-45 w/out palpable pulse = immediate 7. altered mental status/unresponsive=immediate 8. normal mental status = delayed |
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Possible MOIs needing helicopter transport (7)
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-vehicle rollover w/unrestrained passengers
-vehicle-pedestrian @ >10mph -falls > 15 ft. -motorcycle incident > 20 mph -multiple victims -acute MI/stroke -high-risk pregnancy |
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When should helicopter transport be considered? (5)
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-ground transport to trauma > 45 mins
-local hospital longer by ground vs. air -entrapped patient w/>15 min extrication time -community currently w/out ground coverage -patient needs rapid transport to specialty center |
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landing zone (LZ)
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-area easily controlled for traffic and pedestrians
-at least 100 ft. x 100 ft. -clear area of obstacles/debris |
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extrication
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use of specialized equipment for the safe removal of a trapped and injured patient
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Stages of extrication (9)
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-preparation
-en route scene size-up -hazards -operations -access -emergency medical care -disentanglement -removal and transfer -termination |
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fend-off position
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parking your unit in advance of the scene and in such a way that allows traveling vehicles to strike your unit and not crew members
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stabilization (extrication scenario)
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process of rendering a vehicle motionless in the position in which it is found
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simple extrication
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use of hand tools in order to gain access and extricate the patient from the vehicle
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complex extraction
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use of powered hydraulic rescue tools, such as cutters, spreaders, and rams
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Four levels of entrapment
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1. no entrapment=all occupants out of vehicle on own
2. light entrapment=door/object must be moved to get patient out 3. moderate entrapment=removal of doors/roof, rescuer can access patient 4. heavy entrapment=patient pinned |
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disentanglement
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moving or removing of material that is trapping a victim
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Chemical protective clothing
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designed to protect the skin from exposure to chemical by either physical or chemical means
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Levels of PPE Equipment (general)
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-A-->D
-A=highest level of airway, chemical protection -D=work uniforms, e.g. turnout gear |
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Level A PPE
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-chemicals have been identified and pose high levels of hazard to respiratory system, eyes, skin
-vapor-protected encapsulated suit -highest available protection |
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Level B PPE
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-chemicals have been identified and high level of skin protection is not required
-liquid-splash protective -same respiratory, less skin protection vs. Level A -no protection against chemical vapors or gases -decontamination team |
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Level C PPE
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-airborne substance is known and contact w/chemicals will not affect skin
-support-fxn protective garment -same skin, lower respiratory protection vs. Level B -liquid-splash yes, but no chemical vapor protection -not acceptable for chemical emergency response |
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Level D PPE
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-used when atmosphere involved contains no known chemical hazards
-no respiratory, minimal skin protection -not in hot zone -not acceptable in chemical emergency response |
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NFPA Classification system
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-diamond-shaped placards
-blue=health -red=flammability -yellow=reactivity -white=specific hazard |
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Material safety data sheets
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provide detailed information about the material including name and physical properties
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hot zone
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area of the incident that contains the hazardous material; dangerous area
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warm zone
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controlled area for entry into the hot zone; most operations/support area
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cold zone
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"safe zone"; free from exposure/threat of exposure
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weapons of mass destruction
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materials used by terrorists that have the potential to cause great harm over a large area
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Categories of WMDs
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B-NICE:
-Biological -Nuclear/radiological -Incendiary -Chemical -Explosive |
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biological weapons
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use of bacteria (anthrax), viruses (ebola, smallpox), rickettsias, or toxins (ricin, botulism, enterotoxin B) to cause disease or death
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Rickettsias
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very small bacteria that require living host to survive; transmitted by bloodsucking parasites (e.g. Q fever)
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Indicators of possible biological weapon use (3)
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-dead or dying animals, fish, birds
-unusual casualties -unusual widespread illness not typical for area |
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CDC categories for Biological weapons
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-A: most dangerous, e.g. anthrax, smallpox, ebola
-B: second highest, e.g. Q fever, ricin, water safety threats -C: engineered for mass distribution, e.g. Nipah virus |
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incendiary weapons
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substances that burn with a hot flame for a specific period
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chemical agents
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poisonous substances that injure or kill people when inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the skin or eyes
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Indicators of Possible Chemical Weapon Use (9)
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-dead or dying fish, animals, birds
-lack of insects -unexplained causualities -multiple victims -serious illnesses -unusual liquid, spray, vapor, or droplets -unexplained odors -low clouds or fog unrelated to weather -suspicious devices or packages |
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Nerve agents
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-interrupt nerve signals, rapid loss of consciousness/death
-e.g. tabun, sarin, soman, VX |
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Blister agents
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-effects like corrosive chemicals
-severe burns to eyes, skin, and resp. tract -e.g. distilled mustard, nitrogen mustard |
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Blood agents
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-rapid resp. arrest/death by blocking O2 absorption
-e.g. cyanide, arsine, Hchloride |
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Choking agents
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-inhaled chlorine causes pulmonary edema resulting in asphyxiation that resembles drowning
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Irritants
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-immediate tearing of the eyes, coughing, difficulty breathing, nausea, and vomiting
-mace, pepper spray, tear gas |
