Emergency Care In The Streets: Chapter 25 Musculoskeletal Injuries

Front 1

tendons

Back 1

Muscle to bones.

Hint 1

25.3

Front 2

hematopoiesis

Back 2

The bone's process of generating blood cells.

Hint 2

25.3

Front 3

Axial

Back 3

Bones of the central part or axis, of the body including skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

Hint 3

25.3

Front 4

The appendicular skeleton is divided into...

Back 4

the pectoral girdle, pelvis girdle, shoulder girdle, and bones of the upper and lower extremities.

Hint 4

25.4

Front 5

Numbering fingers

Back 5

1. Thumb, 2. Index, 3. Long, 4. Ring, 5.small

Hint 5

25.4

Front 6

Supination

Back 6

To turn the forearm laterally so that the palm faces forward (if standing) or upward (if laying supine). "Holding soup."

Hint 6

25.40

Front 7

Pronation

Back 7

The act of turning palm of the hand backward or downward, performed by internal rotation of the forearm.

Hint 7

25.40

Front 8

In general bones decrease in density starting at age ____. What is more specific to women on this topic?

Back 8

35yrs
Upon reaching manopause bones become even more decrease in density due to loss of estrogen a hormone that helps promote bone formation.

Hint 8

25.7

Front 9

osteoporosis

Back 9

A significant decrease in bone density, thus high risk for fx.

Hint 9

25.7

Front 10

abduction

Back 10

Movement away from the midline of the body.

Hint 10

25.39

Front 11

adduction

Back 11

Movement toward the midline of the body.

Hint 11

25.39

Front 12

fibrous joints

Back 12

Also known as synarthroses or fused joints contains dense fibrous tissue that does not allow for movement. Includes the skull and distal tibiofibular joint.

Hint 12

25.7

Front 13

Cartilaginous joints

Back 13

Also called amphiarthroses, allow for very minimal movement between bones. Including pubic symphysis, and joints between ribs and sternum.

Hint 13

25.7

Front 14

Synovial joints

Back 14

Also called diarthroses, are the most moble joints of the body.

Hint 14

25.7

Front 15

Bursa

Back 15

A fluid-filled sac located adjacent to joints that reduces the amount of friction between moving structures.

Hint 15

25.39

Front 16

Ligaments

Back 16

bone to bone

Front 17

Skeleton muscle is also known as...

Back 17

voluntary or striated muscle.

Front 18

Unuse muscle tend to _____(shrink or waste away(, whereas physical training promotes _________(increase in size).

Back 18

atrophy
hypertrophy

Front 19

When muscle contracts, how is energy derived?

Back 19

Muscle contraction requires energy which is derived from the metabolism of glucose and results in production of lactic acid must be converted into carbon dioxide and water as a process that requires oxygen. Thus more muscle contraction equals more respirations.

Hint 19

25.10-11

Front 20

Agulation

Back 20

A fx with each end of the fx is not aligned in a straightline and that an angle has formed between them.

Hint 20

25.14

Front 21

What is the primary symptom of a fx?

Back 21

Pain, other symptoms include deformity, shortening (bones override one another), swelling, ecchymosis, guarding, tender, crepitus and of course exposed bones.

Hint 21

25.15

Front 22

subluxation

Back 22

The partial dislocation of a joint. My have some ROM.

Hint 22

25.16

Front 23

What should you always check distal to in extremity injury?

Back 23

PMS

Front 24

Sprains

Back 24

Injuries in which the ligaments are stretched or torn.

Hint 24

25.16

Front 25

tx of sprains

Back 25

tx as possible fx using RICE mnemonic. Rest, Ice, Compression (splint), and Elevation also reduce or protect weight bearing and pain management.

Front 26

strains

Back 26

(Pulled muscle) An injury to a muscle and/or tendon that results from a violent muscle contraction or from excess stretching.

Front 27

Achilles Tendon Rupture

Back 27

Usually occur to older adults 30+ in start-and-stop sports such as footbal, basketball, etc. Most immediate indications are pain from the heel to the calf and sudden inability to pantar flexion of the foot (bendig the foot toward the ground).

Front 28

Thompson Test

Back 28

Test to identify rupture of Achilles tendon. Have pt lay prone and then squeeze the calf muscle. If the foot plantar flexes/moves towards ground, the tendon is mot likely intact. Manage using RICE. May require 6 months for recovery.

Front 29

amputation

Back 29

The separation of a limb or other body part from the remainder of the body. Complete or incomplete

Hint 29

25.18

Front 30

devascularization

Back 30

The loss of blood to part of the body.

Hint 30

25.18

Front 31

Potential blood loss for a pelvis

Back 31

1,500 to 3,000mL

Hint 31

2519

Front 32

Potential blood loss for a femur

Back 32

1,000 to 1,500mL

Hint 32

25.19

Front 33

Potential blood loss for a humerus

Back 33

250 to 500mL

Hint 33

25.19

Front 34

Potential blood loss for a tibia or fibula

Back 34

250 to 500mL

Hint 34

25.19

Front 35

Potential blood loss for a ankle or an elbow

Back 35

250 to 500mL

Hint 35

25.19

Front 36

Potential blood loss for a radius or ulna

Back 36

150 to 250mL

Hint 36

25.19

Front 37

What are the 6 Ps of musculoskeletal assessment:

Back 37

Pain, Paralysis, Paresthesias (numbness or tingling), Pulselessness, Pallor (including delay cap refill), and Pressure.

Hint 37

25.19

Front 38

Cold vs Heat Application

Back 38

Initial 48 hrs should be cold packs to reduce swelling and inflammatory mediators(due to causing vasocontriction). During 48 to 72 hrs following the accident heat should not be used as it may actulally increase pain and swelling during this period. After the 72 hrs (3 days) heat is useful for increasing blood flow to the region to decrease stiffness and promote healing.

Hint 38

25.23

Front 39

fasica

Back 39

A strong, fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles.

Hint 39

25.40

Front 40

compartment syndrome

Back 40

An increase in tissue pressure in a closed fascial space or compartment that compromises the circulation to the nerves and muscles within the involved compartment.

Hint 40

25.39

Front 41

crush syndrome

Back 41

A condition that arises after a body part that has been compressed for a significant period is released, leading to entry of potassium and other metabolic toxins into the systemic circulation.

Hint 41

25.39

Front 42

Tx of crush syndrome

Back 42

Medical control, IV NS Bolus, ECG, High-flow O2, Nebulized albuterol to protect potassium surge dring extrication. If ECG shows hyperkalemia administer Calcium to stabilize the myocardium and bicarbonate to promote intracellular shift of potassium.

Hint 42

25.28

Front 43

S/S of DVT

Back 43

Deep Vein Thrombosis-Disproportionate swelling of an extremity, discomfort of ext worse with use, warmth, and erythema.

Hint 43

25.28

Front 44

S/S of PE

Back 44

Sudden onset of pleuritic cx pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, right-side heat failure, shock, and possibly cardiac arrest.

Hint 44

25.29

Front 45

Musculoskeletal injures continually check

Back 45

Neurovascular function (PMS, CMS, MAE, SAE)