Educational Psychology

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QAIT Model

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A model of effective instruction that focuses on elements teachers can directly control: quality, appropriateness, incentive, and time

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Tracks

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Curriculum sequences to which students of specified achievement or ability level are assigned

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between-class ability grouping

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The practice of grouping students in separate classes according to ability level

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within-class ability grouping

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The system of accommodating student differences by dividing a class of students into two or more ability groups for instruction in certain subjects

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Untracking

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A focus on having students in mixed-ability groups and holding them to high standards but providing many ways to reach those students

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Regrouping

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a method of ability grouping in which students in mixed-ability classes are assigned to reading or math classes on the basis of their performance levels

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Joplin plan

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a regrouping method in which students are grouped across grade lines for reading instruction

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nongraded programs

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programs, generally at the primary level, that combine children of different ages in the same class. Also called cross-age grouping programs

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mastery learning

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a system of instruction that seeks to enable all students to achieve instructional objectives by allowing learning time to vary as needed

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mastery criterion

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a standard that students must meet to be considered proficient in a skill

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corrective instruction

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educational activities given to students who initially fail to master an objective; designed to increase the number of students who master educational objectives

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formative evaluations

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evaluations designed to determine whether additional instruction is needed

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summative evaluations

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final evaluations of students' achievement of an objective

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enrichment activities

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assignments or activities designed to broaden or deepen the knowledge of students who master classroom lessons quickly

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individualized instruction

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instruction tailored to particular students' needs, in which each student works at her or his own level and rate

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peer tutoring

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tutoring of one student bu another

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cross-age tutoring

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tutoring of a younger student by an older one

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computer based instruction (CBI)

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individualized instruction that is administered by computer

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drill and practice

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application of computer technology to provide students with practice of skills and knowledge

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tutorial programs

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computer programs that teach new material, varying their content and pace according to the student's responses

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simulation software

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computer programs that model real-life phenomena to promote problem-solving abilities and motivate interest in the areas concerned

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word processing

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a computer application for writing compositions that lends itself to revising and editing

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CD-ROM

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a computer data base designed for "read-only memory" that provides massive amounts of information, including pictures and audio; it can be of particular importance to students doing projects and research activities

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World Wide Web

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a menu-driven format for accessing databases on the internet that includes multi-media such as photos, audio recordings, and video clips

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videodisc

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interactive computer technology (might include videos, films, still pictures, and music)

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integrated learning systems

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commercially developed comprehensive, multipurpose packages on interlinked hardware and instructional software

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internet

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a large and growing telecommunications network of computers around the world that communicate electronically via modems and telephone lines

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students at risk

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students who are subject to school failure because of their own characteristics and/or because of inadequate responses to their needs by school, family, or community

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Title I

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compensatory programs reauthorized under Title I of the improving America's Schools Act (IASA) in 1994. formerly known as Chapter I

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compensatory education

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programs designed to prevent or remediate learning problems among students from lower socioeconomic status communities

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pull-out programs

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compensatory education programs in which students are placed in separate classes for remediation

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early intervention

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programs that target at-risk infants and toddlers to prevent possible later need for remediation

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Reading Recovery

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a program in which specially trained teachers provide one-to-one tutoring to first-graders who are not reading adequately

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Success for All

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a comprehensive approach to prevention and early intervention for preschool, Kindergarten, and grades 1-5, with one-to-one tutoring, family support services, and changes in instruction designed to prevent students from falling behind