Educational Psychology Exam 1 Learning Theories

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Behaviorism

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A relatively permanent change in in behavior due to environment.

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Behaviorism key word

Back 2

Operant - Voluntary
Classical - Involuntary
Positive/Negative Reinforcement Punishment

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Social Learning Theory/Bandura

Back 3

focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context. It considers that people learn from one another, including such concepts as observational learning, imitation, and modeling.

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General principles of social learning theory follows:

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1. People can learn by observing the behavior is of others and the outcomes of those behaviors.

2. Learning can occur without a change in behavior. Behaviorists say that learning has to be represented by a permanent change in behavior, in contrast social learning theorists say that because people can learn through observation alone, their learning may not necessarily be shown in their performance. Learning may or may not result in a behavior change.

3. Cognition plays a role in learning. Over the last 30 years social learning theory has become increasingly cognitive in its interpretation of human learning. Awareness and expectations of future reinforcements or punishments can have a major effect on the behaviors that people exhibit.

4. Social learning theory can be considered a bridge or a transition between behaviorist learning theories and cognitive learning theories.

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Social Learning Theory Key Words

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Vicarious Learning
Observing what others do
Modeling
Attention
Retention
Motivation
Reproduction

Front 6

Sociocognitive/Sociocultural Learning Theory

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Interactions with others. Working in groups.

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Sociocognitive/Sociocultural Learning Theory Key Words

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Cultural
ZPD
Scaffolding

Front 8

Constructivism

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which argues that humans generate knowledge and meaning from their experiences.

Front 9

Constructivism Types of Learners

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1. The Active Learner
2. The Social Learner
3. The Creative Learner

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Cognitive Information Processing Theory

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Learning is a relatively permanant change in mental associations due to experiences.

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Cognitive Information Processing Theory Assumptions

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1. Cognitive processes influence the nature of what is learned
2. People are selective about what they process and learn.
3. Meaning is constructed by the learner
4. Prior knowledge and beliefs play a major role in the meanings that students create

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Cognitive Information Processing Theory Key Words

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Inferences
Reconstruction Error
Flashbulb Memory

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Cognitive Information Processing Theory Three Component Model Memory

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Sensory Memory - auditory 3 seconds.
Visual 2 seconds.
Has a large capacity.
Pay Attention and move information to Short Term Memory. 7 - 9 pieces of information. 20 to 30 seconds. In depth processing, usually conecting new information to old information will move information to long term memoy which is thought to have an indefinite capacity

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Cognitive Infomation 8Processing Theory Processing Strategies

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1. Meaningful Learning
2. Organazation
3. Elaboration
4. Visual Imagry
5. Mneumonic Devices
6. Rehearsal
7. Wait Time
8. Metacognition