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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the major force behind species divergence and specialization?
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competition
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___________ competition is a relationship that affects the populations of two or more species adversely.
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Interspecific
(rather than intraspecific, which occurs among the same species) |
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__________ competition occurs when one species inhibits another by consuming a shared resource.
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Consumption
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__________ competition occurs when the occupation by one individual precludes establishment by others (e.g. sessile animals)?
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Preemption
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__________ competition occurs when one organism grows over another and inhibits access to an essential resource (e.g. light)?
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Overgrowth
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_________ ___________ involves the production of chemical growth inhibitors or toxins released by an individual.
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Chemical interaction
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_________ competition results from the behavior exclusion of others from a defended territory.
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Territorial
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_________ competition results during nonterritorial meetings (e.g. scavengers fighting over a carcass).
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Encounter
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What principle states that two species with exactly the same resource requirements cannot coexist?
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competitive exclusion principle
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What term describes two species that live in the same place and have exactly the same ecological requirements?
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complete competitors
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What term describes the full range of conditions and resources under which a species can survive and reproduce?
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fundamental niche
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What term describes the portion of the fundamental niche that the species actually exploits?
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realized niche
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What occurs when two or more organisms use a portion of the same resource (food or habitat) simultaneously?
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niche overlap
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What occurs when a species expands its niche in response to the removal of a competitor or when a species invades an island and expands into unoccupied habitats?
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competitive release
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What term describes the differences in the range of resources used or environmental tolerances, in turn allowing the coexistence of competitors?
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niche differentiation
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What term describes the partitioning of available resources which allows similar species to coexist?
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resource partitioning
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Name some ways in which species may exhibit resource partitioning.
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different kinds/sizes of food; feed at different times; forage in different areas
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What involves a shift in feeding niche that subsequently affects a species' morphology, behavior, or physiology?
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character displacement
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