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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the one group of organisms that is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by living organisms? |
Bacteria. |
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An association of all interacting species inhabiting some defined area is: |
An ecosystem |
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What is an ecological niche? |
How a species meets its needs for food and shelter, survival, and reproduction. Ex. Require certain water temp, oxygen content, ect. |
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What is the hardy-weinburg equation and what are the implications? |
P^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 That there is no evolution taking place. |
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How do primary producers provide energy for other tropic levels? |
They make their own organic molecules via photosynthesis. |
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Semelparous species, who reproduce once and die, have: |
Optimized a strategy to produce many offspring with low survivalship. |
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Density-independent factors that regulate population growth include: |
Storms, floods, droughts. |
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K selected species generally have |
Low growth rates, late reproduction, few and large offspring, large body size. |
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R strategists are species that optimize life history traits for? |
Growth |
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Eutrophication from increased inputs of phosphorus into freshwater ecosystems generally results in: |
Increased rates of primary production. |
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A keystone species is one that: |
Has a large effect on the community and makes up a small proportion of the total community biomass. |
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Competition has: |
Negative growth rate on both species. |
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Commensalism has: |
Positive growth rate on one species and no effect on growth rate in the other. |
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When two species of paramecium were grown together in test tubes, the population size of each species was: |
Less than its carrying capacity when it was grown alone because competition limits population growth. |
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Give an example of a top-down control community? |
Effect of grazing intensity by bison on plant species biomass. |
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Mutualism has: |
Positive growth on both species. |
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Can the nitrogen in the atmosphere be used by plants? |
The atmospheric form of nitrogen cannot be used directly by plants. |
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Predation has |
Negative growth rate on species one and positive growth rate on the other. |
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Resource partitioning would be most likely to occur between: |
Sympatric populations of species with similar ecological niches. |
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Why can't species have optimize both parenting investments? |
Physical and energetic constraints. |
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What is amensalism? |
It has a negative effect on one species and no effect on the other. |
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Gene flow is: |
The exchange of alleles between populations due to immigration or emigration. It makes populations more homogeneous. |
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Genetic drift is: |
Fluctuations in allele frequencies due to chance. |
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Natural selection is: |
Non-random |
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Explain the river continuum hypothesis and the connection between community composition and energy inputs into the river system. |
Head waters: carp, low photosynthesis, shady, high O2, relies on surrounding ecosystem. Medium: high photosynthesis, less shady. Turbid waters: catfish, low photosynthesis, low O2. |
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3 conditions for natural selection: |
Variation, inheritance, competition. |
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What is am example of a post-zygotic barrier? |
Mules being sterile. Hybrid of 2 jimsonweed species die before reproducing. |
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Variation in productivity is determined by what two factors? |
Temperature and precipitation. |
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Genetic drift can occur as a result of: |
Founder effect and population bottleneck. |
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Movement of genes from one population to another is: |
Gene flow |
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What is a vestigial trait? |
A trait that has lost its function and is highly reduced or absent. |
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Which way does energy flow in a food chain? |
Only upwards. |
