Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Primary Production Equation |
GPP-R=NPP |
|
|
2 most important factors of NPP for land plants |
Precipitation and temperature |
|
|
Biggest factor of NPP for oceans |
Nutrients |
|
|
Secondary Production |
Transfer of producer biomass (plants) to consumer biomass |
|
|
Ingestion |
What goes in |
|
|
Assimilation |
What goes in, minus what comes out (not all energy/nutrients are used up) |
|
|
Production |
Of what is assimilated, what goes into biomass (reproduction) |
|
|
Assimilation Efficiency |
Assimilation/Ingestion |
|
|
Production Efficiency |
Production/Assimilation |
|
|
Gross Production Efficiency |
Production/Ingestion |
|
|
Most efficient organisms? |
Ectothermic carnivores (cold blooded) |
|
|
Least efficient organisms? |
Endothermic herbivores |
|
|
Ecological Efficiency (Trophic Efficiency) |
Proportion of energy that transfers from one trophic level to the next. <= 10% |
|
|
Where biomass of a pond vs. biomass of a forest goes |
Pond- 70% is grazed, 30% is decomposed Forest- 2% is grazed, 98% is decomposed |
|
|
Role of omnivory in a trophic cascade |
Weakens it. Aquatic webs have 4 trophic levels, terrestrial webs have 3 trophic levels. |
|
|
Resistance Time |
Biomass/ energy builds up in forests (trees live over 20 years). But in an aquatic habitat, producers only live about a year. |
|
|
Pool/Sink |
Holds nutrients |
|
|
Fluxes |
Releases sinks/nutrients |
|
|
Immobilization |
Taken up by an organism. Conversion to an organic form that is not readily available for uptake by producers |
|
|
Mineralization |
Conversion from organic to inorganic during decomposition. |
|
|
Oxidation |
Loss of e- (releasing energy) |
|
|
Reduction |
Gaining of e- (requiring energy) |
|
|
Biogeochemical Cycles (4) |
Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Toxins |
|
|
Carbon Cycle |
Taken up by plants > consumer > decomposer Soil > fossil fuels > combustion > atmosphere |
|
|
Nitrogen Cycle |
Bacteria > amonification > plants > nitrification > plants |
|
|
Haber Bosch Ammonia Process (how humans add to nitrogen cycle) |
Use methane to create ammonia. This is why agricultural production is so successful. We would not be able to support the human population without it. |
|
|
Dentrifying Bacteria |
Remove nitrogen from the ground and put it back into atmosphere -Found in wetlands |
|
|
Phosphorus Cycle |
Plants > consumer > decomposer > dissolves again -Doesn't show up in atmospheric pool -Some becomes deposited into the oceans as rock |
|
|
Decomposition |
K - measure of rate of decomposition |
|
|
Deforestation and Nitrate Loss |
-Nitrates are very water soluble -Clear cutting intensifies nitrate loss -Nitrates go into streams, leaving the system |
|
|
Why you don't see phosphate loss as much? |
Unlike nitrate, phosphate is only transported during heavy flow events when sediment is being transported (when you see muddy waters during a storm) |
|
|
Climate effects litter quality and decomposing organisms |
|
|
|
EM Spectrum |
-all waves travel at the speed of light -some are harmful (gamma, Xray, UV) |
|
|
Greenhouse Effect |
-Radiation is absorbed, infrared is radiated from the Earth as heat -Venus has a thick atmosphere with more CO2 than Earth -Mars has a thin atmosphere with less CO2 than Earth |
|
|
The oceans are a big "unknown" |
-93% of heat from global warming has been absorbed by the oceans. |
|
|
Phenology |
Organism life cycle events and how these are influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate -Environmental cues include temperature, light, precipitation |
|
|
Rescue Effect |
If populations is dropping, immigration can rescue that population |
|
|
Dynamic Equilibrium |
The number of species will fluctuate but go back to equilibrium |
|
|
Corridors |
All members can cross |
|
|
Filters |
Some members can cross |
|
|
Sweepstakes Rout |
Only cross by luck |
|
|
Vicariance |
Splitting a population by geologic events |
|
|
Dispersal |
Individual crosses a barrier to create new population |
|
|
What 2 factors influence "larger the island, the more species present"? |
-Size determine extinction rate worth population size -Distance isolation/ immigration rate |
