Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define Geology Oceanography Meteroology Astronomy |
the study of earth study of the ocean study of the atmosphere and processes that produce water study of the universe |
|
|
Compare renewable & non-renewable resources and give three examples of each |
-renewable can be replenished in short time ex. wind, water, corn -spans and non renewable has earth fixed quantities iron, aluminum, & copper |
|
|
Scientific Method |
collect facts, hypothesis,experiments, modify, and share data |
|
|
Difference btw hypothesis and theory |
hypothesis = untested theory = tested |
|
|
Define earth's sphere's |
Geosphere: solid earth Hydrosphere: ocean covers 71% Atmosphere: thin, tenuous blankets of air that get thinner the higher you go Biosphere: All life |
|
|
5 characteristics of a mineral |
Natural Solid Inorganic Crystalline structure Definite chem. comp. |
|
|
Define Atom Neutron Proton Electron Anion Cation Octet Rule |
Smallest particle of matter neutral charge positive charge number of protons negative positive when surrounded by 8 valence electrons atoms tend to gain, lose, or share |
|
|
Atomic bond |
Ionic Bond: atoms bond together Covalent: sharing electrons |
|
|
Physical characteristics of minerals |
Color: determined by streak Streak: color of mineral in powder form Luster:apperance in reflected light Hardness: Mohs scale Clevage: tendancy to break Fracture: Specific Gravity: water displacement |
|
|
Basic composition + structure of silicate minerals. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron |
4 oxygen atoms |
|
|
Rock cycle |
Cooling, weathering, lithification, metamorphism, melting |
|
|
How does each rock type form? |
Igneous: as magma cools and crystalizes Sedimentary: from sediments (weathered products) Metamorphic: from pre-existing rocks of all kinds |
|
|
Crystallization of magma |
ions are arranged in orderly patterns |
|
|
two criteria to classify igneous rocl |
texture mineral composition |
|
|
Cooling rate and crystal size of intrusive and extrusive |
intrusive: formed from magma extrusive: formed from lava |
|
|
Define Phaneritic Aphanetic Porphyritic Glassy |
Coarse grained, slow rate of cooling fine grained, fast rate of cooling 2 crystal sizes, 2 rates of cooling very fast rate of cooling |
|
|
importance of sedimentary |
coal natural gas iron + aluminum |
|
|
Detrital Chemical |
Rock fragments and classified by partical size precipitates from solution (eforveses) |
|
|
detrital sedimentary rocks form from |
weathering of pre-existing rocks |
|
|
Define Lithification |
process of changing loose sediments into solid rock |
|
|
What two processes form lithification |
Compaction Cementation |
|
|
3 main agents of metamorphic rock |
heat pressure chemically active fluids |
|
|
What is a mineral resource |
occurrences of useful minerals that will eventually be extracted |
|
|
What are the 6 special properties |
-magnetism -taste -feel -odor -reacts to HCI -striations |
|
|
what two things make a metamorphic rock? |
heat + pressure |
|
|
what affects the color of a rock? |
chemical composition |
|
|
what are the 8 most abundant elements in earth crust?
|
OMg Si Al FeCaNak oxygen, magnesium, aluminum, iron, calcium,sodium, and potassium |
|
|
Describe Earth's Internal Structure |
Crust: thin and rocky outer skin Mantle: solid and rocky shell Core: Outer core: liquid |
|
|
What are ore deposits |
concentrations of metallic minerals |
|
|
Define Isotopes |
Same element, different mass # Nuclei contains same # of protons but different # of neutrons |
|
|
Metallic & non-metallic Mineral Resources |
Met: gold, silver, copper, mercury, lead. Desirable minerals from igneous and meta. Non-met: two groups, building, and industrial |
|
|
Explain the crystallization of magma |
As magma cools the ions arrange themselves in order patterns |
|
|
Explain: Felsic, Intermediate, Mafic, and Ultramafic |
Felsic: light, granite, and hgh silicate content Intermediate: light and dark. dark silicate Mafic: dark ultramafic: dark green |
|
|
Explain Bowen's reaction series |
shows the order of mineral crystallization |
