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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meningitis
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Inflammation of the meninges
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Encephalitis
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Inflammation of the brain
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Meningoencephalitis
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Inflammation of both the brain & meninges
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Bacterial Meningitis
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SYMPTOMS: fever, headache, stiff neck.. followed by nausea & vomiting
*may progress to convulsions & coma DIAGNOSIS: gram-stain & latex agglutination of CSF TREATMENT: cephalosporins & vancomycin |
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Spinal Tap (lumbar puncture)
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Spinal needle is usually inserted between the 3rd & 4th lumbar vertebrae
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Haemophilius Influenzae Meningitis
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*occurs mostly in children (6 mo.-4 yrs.)
*gram- aerobic bacteria, normal throat microbiota *capsule antigen type b PREVENTION: Hib vaccine |
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Neisseria Meningitis (meningococcal meningitis)
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N. MENINGITIS: gram-, aerobic cocci with a capsule
*10% of people are healthy nasopharyngeal carriers SYMPTOMS: throat infection, rash PREVENTION: vaccination (capsule) recommended for college students |
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Streptococcus Pneumoniae Meningitis (pneumococcal meningitis)
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S. PNEUMONIAE: gram+
*70% of people are healthy nasopharyngeal carriers *most common in children 1 mo.-4 yrs. MORTALITY: 30% children, 80% elderly PREVENTION: vaccine |
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Tetanus
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CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI: gram+, spore-forming, anaerobe
*grows in deep wounds *tetanospasmin released from dead cells blocks relaxation pathway in muscles PREVENTION: vaccination with tetanus toxoid (DTP) & booster (dT) |
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Botulism
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CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM: gram+, spore-forming anaerobe
INGESTION: botulinal toxin *toxin blocks release of neurotransmitter, causing flaccid paralysis PREVENTION: proper canning, nitrites prevent endospore germination in sausages TREATMENT: supportive care & antitoxin |
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Infant Botulism
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C. BOTULINUM growing in intestines
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Wound Botulism
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C. BOTULINUM growing in wounds
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Poliomyelitis (polio)
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POLIOVIRUS
TRANSMISSION: ingestion SYMPTOMS: sore throat & nausea *viremia may occur-if persistent-virus can enter CNS *destruction of motor cells & paralysis occurs in <1% cases PREVENTION: vaccination |
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Rabies
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RABIES VIRUS
TRANSMISSION: animal bite |
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Furious Rabies
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Animals are restless then highly excitable, wander & bite
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Paralytic Rabies
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Animals seem unaware of surroundings
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Human Rabies
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*virus multiplies in skeletal muscles then brain cells, causing encephalitis "dumb rabies"
SYMPTOMS: muscle spasms of the mouth & pharynx, hydrophobia *conscious state may involve delusions & delirium FATAL |
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Preexposure Prophylaxis (Prevention of Rabies)
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Injection of human diploid cells vaccine (HDCV)
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Postexposure Treatment (Prevention of Rabies)
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Vaccine + rabies immune globulin (RIG)
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Arboviral Encephalitis
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ARBOVIRUSES
*arthropod-borne viruses that belong to several families PREVENTION: controlling mosquitoes |
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Western Equine (Arboviral Encephalitis)
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RESERVOIR: birds, horses
MOSQUITO VECTOR: culex |
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Eastern Equine (Arboviral Encephalitis)
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RESRVOIR: birds, horses
MOSQUITO VECTOR: Aedes, culiseta |
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St. Louis (Arboviral Encephalitis)
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RESERVOIR: birds
MOSQUITO VECTOR: culex |
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California (Arboviral Encephalitis)
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RESERVOIR: small mammals
MOSQUITO VECTOR: Aedes |
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West Nile (Arboviral Encephalitis)
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RESERVOIR: birds, mammals
MOSQUITO VECTOR: culex, aedes |
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Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
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*caused by prions
TYPICAL DISEASES: sheep scrapie, cruetzfeldt-jakob disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy CHRONIC & FATAL |
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis-ME)
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unexplained fatigue that lasts 6 months plus four of these symptoms...
*muscle pain *sore throat *tender lymph nodes *pain in multiple joints |
