Therapy - Ap Psychology Flashcards

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Psychiatrist

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Medical doctor and the only mental health professional who can prescribe medication

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Clinical Psychologist

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must earn a doctoral degree and must pass a licensing exam

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Counseling Psychologist

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Typically have one of a number of different advanced degrees and tend to deal with less severe mental health problems

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Trephining

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drilling holes in skulls in an attempt to release those spirits

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Phillipe Pinel

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instrumental in the development of a more humane psychological approach to the custody and care of psychiatric patients, referred to today as moral therapy

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Dorothea Dix

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Suggested instead of treating the mentally ill as sinners or criminals they should be admitted to separate institutions and treated in a kinder and more individualized manner.

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Deinstitutionalization

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during the late 1950s, the development of effective new drug therapies almost overnight enabled these patients to be released on a mass scale

-Did not work as expected: released patients into societies where they couldn't cope.

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Rosenhan’s Study

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David Rosenhan explored the effects of labeling in a famous 1970’s study.

-He and his colleagues visited several different mental hospitals and reported hearing voices. They were admitted with a preliminary diagnosis of schizophrenia.

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Psychoanalysis

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Freud believed that abnormal behavior was the result of unconscious conflicts from early childhood trauma.

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Free association

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Involves saying whatever comes to mind without thinking. Used to uncover unconscious conflicts.

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Resistance

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Blocking of anxiety-provoking feelings and experiences, evidenced by behavior such as talking about trivial issues. Is a sign that the client has reached an important issue that needs to be discovered.

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Transference

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Occurs when patients begin to have strong feelings towards their therapists. Patients may think they are in love with their therapist or may seethe with hatred toward them.

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Catharsis

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the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions

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Dream interpretation

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Psychoanalysts ask their patients to describe their dreams. Since the ego’s defenses are relaxed during sleep they hope the dreams will help the therapist see what the root of the patient problem.

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Person/Client Centered (Carl Rogers)

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Therapist provides the client with unconditional positive regard and active listening. Blanket acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does. Don’t tell their clients what to do, rather, they would seek to help the clients choose a course of action for themselves.

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Unconditional Positive Regard

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Practicing unconditional positive regard means accepting and respecting others as they are without judgment or evaluation.

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Active Listening

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Active listening is a way of listening and responding to another person that improves mutual understanding.

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Gestalt Therapy

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Developed by Fritz Perls. Emphasize the importance of the whole and encourage their clients to get in touch With their whole selves. They want their clients to integrate all of their actions, feelings, and thoughts into a harmonious whole.

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Existential Therapy

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Existential psychotherapy is a philosophical method of therapy that operates on the belief that inner conflict within a person is due to that individuals confrontation with the givens of existence.

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Systematic desensitization

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Teaches the client to replace the feelings of anxiety with relaxation.

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Anxiety Hierarchy

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Introducing the least anxiety inducing stimulus first, and slowly working your way up to the most anxiety inducing stimulus

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Flooding

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flooding involves having the client address the most frightening scenario first.

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Aversive conditioning

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Pairs a habit a person wishes to break (ex: smoking or bed wetting) with an unpleasant stimulus

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Token economies -

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An operant conditioning procedure that rewards desired behavior – designed to change behavior by modifying its consequences

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Biofeedback

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the use of electronic monitoring of a normally automatic bodily function in order to train someone to acquire voluntary control of that function.

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Virtual Reality Therapy

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Recently Behavioral therapists have begun using this. The patient is guided to visualize a highly stressful exposure and the individual can learn to greet that image with relaxation not fear.

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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (Ellis)

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Based on the idea that anxiety, guilt, depression and other psychological problems come from self- defeating thoughts. Combines the ideas of cognitive and behavioral psychologists. Therapists look to expose and confront the dysfunctional thoughts of their clients.

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Cognitive Triad Therapy (Beck)

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This method involves trying to get clients to engage in pursuits that will bring them success. Patients are told to keep track of, and examine the thinking process they engage in while they are depressed. The therapist and client work together to uncover faulty thinking patterns and negative schemata.

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Cognitive Triad

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Theory that unhappy people have negative thoughts about: Themselves, Their world, Their future

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Antianxiety Medication

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Xanax and Valium

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Antidepressant Medication

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Prozac, Zoloft and Paxil

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Antipsychotic Medication

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Thorazine or HaldolSide effects-Unfortunate side effects of antipsychotic medication are Parkinsonian-like, chronic muscle tremors and tardive dyskinesia

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Tardive dyskinesia

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problems with walking, drooling and involuntary muscle spasms which result from the blocking of dopamine sites.

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Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

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Electric current is passed through both hemispheres of the brain

-Electric shock causes patients to experience a brief seizure-Following seizure patients briefly lose consciousness

-Used most often for severe cases of depression after other methods have failed

-Negative side effects include loss of memory

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Psychosurgery

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Involves the purposeful destruction of part of the brain to alter a person’s behavior

- Used as a last resort on people suffering a great extent

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Prefrontal lobotomy

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an early and widespread form of psychosurgery, which involved cutting the main neurons leading to the frontal lobes of the brain

-Left patient in a vegetative state

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Group Therapy

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Group psychotherapy or group therapy is a form of psychotherapy in which one or more therapists treat a small group of clients together as a group.

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Couples Therapy

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Marriage counseling, also called couples therapy, is a type of psychotherapy. Marriage counseling helps couples of all types recognize and resolve conflicts and improve their relationships.